Introduction: And importance: The most common postoperative complications after inguinal hernia repair are hernia recurrence, hematoma, seroma, wound infection, chronic pain, numbness and swelling. The aim of this case report is to present a rare complication of inguinal hernia repair, a large scrotal abscess that was caused by an inoculated scrotal hematoma 3 months after Transabdominal Preperitoneal bilateral inguinal hernia repair. Case presentation: An 84-year-old patient presented to the emergency department complaining about fever, pain and progressive swelling of the left hemiscrotum. He had undergone a Transabdominal Preperitoneal bilateral inguinal hernia repair 3 months earlier and a scrotal paracentesis 17 days earlier due to a scrotal hematoma. The pelvic CT scan was indicative of a large abscess in the left hemiscrotum compressing the ipsilateral testicle. Surgical exploration of the inguinal area was performed and considering the patient's advanced age the abscess was excised "en bloc" with the ischemic ipsilateral testicle. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged home on the third postoperative day. Clinical discussion: Scrotal abscess, although rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of scrotal pain after inguinal hernioplasty. Scrotal drainage is sometimes used in order to relive the patient's discomfort caused by a swollen scrotum, but if not performed properly it can lead to serious infections. Postoperatively, a suction drain or elevation and compression of the scrotum may prevent scrotal complications. Conclusion: Scrotal abscess is a rare complication of inguinal hernioplasty. Scrotal care pathways establishment after inguinal hernia repair could help reduce and manage complications.

Background: Bladder rupture is more frequently encountered in blunt pelvic trauma, but can also be spontaneous or iatrogenic. Laparoscopic repair has been widely used during the last few years as a treatment for intraperitoneal bladder perforation. The bladder is the genitourinary organ most often affected by iatrogenic injury. The purpose of this article is to report what is, to our knowledge, the first documented case of bladder rupture as a complication of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Case description: A 51-year-old female presented to the emergency department complaining about generalized abdominal pain on the sixth postoperative day after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laboratory results highlighted a significant impact on renal function while the abdominal CT scan demonstrated free intraperitoneal fluid collection and surgical clips in the anatomic region of the liver and in an ectopic position near the ileocecal valve. An explorative laparoscopy revealed a 2 cm defect in the superior bladder wall, which was repaired in one layer in a continuous-locking fashion. The patient was discharged home on the fifth postoperative day having an uneventful recovery. Conclusion: Bladder rupture frequently presents with non-specific clinical signs; as a result, it is easily misdiagnosed, especially when it occurs with a non-typical mechanism of injury. Pseudorenal failure is a relatively obscure entity that may help the clinician suspect a bladder perforation. Laparoscopic repair with a single-layer continuous suture technique is a safe and feasible treatment in hemodynamically stable patients. Prospective research is required to specify the optimal timing of catheter removal after bladder repair.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a relatively rare neoplasm. Historically, radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) has been the gold-standard treatment; however, its association with postoperative renal dysfunction and reduced quality of life has driven a paradigm shift toward kidney-sparing surgery (KSS). This literature review synthesises late evidence regarding nephron-sparing techniques for UTUC, such as endoscopic ablation, segmental and total ureterectomy and novel minimal invasive modalities. Clinical, radiologic, and molecular parameters are examined in order to refine risk stratification, which is crucial for selecting appropriate patients who may benefit from KSS. Even though endoscopic ablation is associated with higher local recurrence rates, it demonstrates comparable cancer-specific and overall survival to RNU in low-risk UTUC and selected high-risk patients. Segmental and total ureterectomy, if technically feasible, accomplish similar oncologic outcomes with RNU and are superior regarding renal function preservation. Novel kidney-sparing therapies such as intraluminal chemoablation with UGN-101 and vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy show encouraging efficacy and safety in early trials. Perioperative chemotherapy and immunotherapy may expand the indication for kidney-sparing approaches in the near future, combined with emerging biomarker-driven models such as the aristolochic acid (AA) mutational signature. Despite these advances, long-term oncologic outcomes, optimal adjuvant regimens, and molecularly guided treatment algorithms remain incompletely defined. In order to verify oncologic efficacy, systematise follow-up protocols, and establish personalized therapeutic pathways guided by molecular patterns, future multicenter prospective studies are essential.