The development of Augmented Reality technologies has enabled students to learn in an environment that combines learning resources from the real and digital world. This paper integrates three mobile Augmented Reality-based applications into a series of mathematics lessons on probabilities in a junior high school. This paper aims to examine how mobile AR-based learning applications affect students’ learning gains through ANCOVA. Moreover, students’ attitudes towards the applications are discussed. The participants are 68 junior high school students. The experimental results show that the mobile AR-based applications would be helpful for students’ learning gains in the topic of probability. Students’ attitude towards the AR applications in this series of lessons was positive. Overall, it was found that mobile AR-based learning applications have positive effects on junior high students learning mathematics.

With the rapid development of deep learning, Electroencephalograph(EEG) emotion recognition has played a significant role in affective brain-computer interfaces. Many advanced emotion recognition models have achieved excellent results. However, current research is mostly conducted in laboratory settings for emotion induction, which lacks sufficient ecological validity and differs significantly from real-world scenarios. Moreover, emotion recognition models are typically trained and tested on datasets collected in laboratory environments, with little validation of their effectiveness in real-world situations. VR, providing a highly immersive and realistic experience, is an ideal tool for emotional research. In this paper, we collect EEG data from participants while they watched VR videos. We propose a purely Transformer-based method, EmoSTT. We use two separate Transformer modules to comprehensively model the temporal and spatial information of EEG signals. We validate the effectiveness of EmoSTT on a passive paradigm collected in a laboratory environment and an active paradigm emotion dataset collected in a VR environment. Compared with state-of-the-art methods, our method achieves robust emotion classification performance and can be well transferred between different emotion elicitation paradigms.

Purpose: This study explored how individuals cope with self-uncertainty by subconsciously affiliating with groups. Specifically, we investigated whether this affiliation is driven by avoiding isolation rather than pursuing group identity or entitativity. Methods: In Study 1, we recruited 50 undergraduate students and employed the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP) to measure implicit attitudes toward affiliation and isolation after inducing self-uncertainty. In Study 2, 70 participants were presented with images of abstract human avatars representing different group sizes to assess their preference for group affiliation under conditions of induced self-uncertainty. Results: Study 1 revealed that individuals experiencing self-uncertainty exhibited a significantly more negative implicit attitude towards isolation than affiliation, with no significant positive shift towards group affiliation. Study 2 further supported these findings by demonstrating a pronounced tendency for self-uncertain individuals to prefer larger, cohesive groups (affiliation) and to report greater feelings of safety within such groups, indicating avoidance of isolation as a critical driver. Conclusion: The findings suggest that individuals experiencing self-uncertainty instinctively seek refuge in groups as a defense mechanism against isolation rather than for identity validation. This avoidance-oriented affiliation underscores a fundamental psychological process for managing self-uncertainty, highlighting the importance of social proximity in alleviating feelings of insecurity.

Background. Virtual reality‐based surgery training has become a promising trend in the sector of clinical education. Prior studies have confirmed the effectiveness of VR‐based surgical simulators on training surgeons. Most existing papers employing subjective methods explored the students’ overall perceptions of surgical skills. However, few studies, from the multidimension perspective of learning performance, investigate how VR improves surgery skills. Participants. 37 college students were recruited in comparative experimental research. The experimental group was equipped with a VR + haptic surgical simulator, while the VR simulator without haptic feedback was used for the control group. Method. The study resorted to physiological approaches to investigate the influence of the VR laparoscopic surgical training system on students’ performance. Results. The experimental group scored higher than the control group in flow experience and has better performance in the four dimensions of operation evaluation skills. Conclusion. The study deposited that learners are more likely to exert to flow experience in a learning situation with haptic feedback, which will further improve medical students’ performance.

Background: Self-objectification, the tendency to perceive oneself as an object subject to external evaluation, negatively impacts wellbeing, contributing to issues such as anxiety and eating disorders. While objectification theory outlines its societal underpinnings, it provides limited insight into the psychological mechanisms that sustain its prevalence. Terror Management Theory (TMT) posits that self-objectification functions as a defense against death anxiety, operating through two pathways: cultural worldview compliance (adherence to objectifying societal norms) and suppressing the awareness of creatureliness (avoiding awareness of humans’ biological vulnerability and animalistic nature). This research explores these mechanisms and their gender-specific dynamics under mortality salience (MS).Methods: This study includes three experimental studies. The study 1 examined baseline gender differences in perceived creatureliness and adherence to objectification culture. Study 2 used a 2 (MS/control) × 2 (gender: male/female) design to investigate the effects of MS and gender on self-objectification with cultural worldview compliance as a continuous moderator. Study 3 employed a 2 (MS/control) × 2 (creatureliness: heightened/reduced) × 2 (gender: male/female) design to assess the effects of creatureliness salience on self-objectification.Results: Study 1 revealed that women were more culturally objectified, whereas men exhibited higher perceived creatureliness. However, Study 2 and Study 3 found no significant gender-related interactions in self-objectification. Study 2 showed that MS increased self-objectification across genders, with women displaying higher self-objectification due to stronger adherence to objectification cultural norms. Study 3 demonstrated that heightened creatureliness salience amplified self-objectification under MS for both genders, highlighting the universal role of creatureliness suppression in existential defenses.Conclusion: These findings provide evidence for dual pathways—cultural worldview compliance and creatureliness suppression—underlying self-objectification as a defense against death anxiety. However, while cultural compliance explains gender differences in self-objectification at baseline, creatureliness suppression appears to function universally across genders. This study clarifies the boundaries of gender differences, emphasizing that the observed gender differences were limited to perceptions of objectification and creatureliness, rather than self-objectification itself. These insights contribute to interventions targeting the maladaptive effects of self-objectification, advocating for gender-sensitive approaches to enhance psychological wellbeing.

This study evaluates the impact of urban migration on the mental health of young women, focusing specifically on how objective life stressors, perceived neighborhood safety, and subjective socioeconomic status influence depression. Depression is the main outcome measure in this research, serving as a critical indicator of mental health in the context of urban migration. Utilizing a stratified cluster sampling approach, we collect data from 2138 young female migrants in Bao’an District, Shenzhen, employing the Life Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9 items, Perceived Neighborhood Safety Scale, and Subjective Social Economic Status Scale to assess the corresponding constructs. Our findings highlight that life stressors directly contribute to increased depression levels among young female migrants, with perceived neighborhood safety significantly mediating this relationship. Furthermore, subjective socioeconomic status moderates the impact of life stressors on perceived neighborhood safety, underlining the intricate dynamics between objective life stressors and the social-environmental context in shaping mental health outcomes. This research underscores the importance of creating supportive and inclusive social environments to mitigate the adverse psychological effects of life stressors on young female migrants, thereby contributing to discussions on sustainability and social welfare.