Background: Mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] is known as one of the important crop of the Vigna group. In order to determine morphological traits of mungbean, multivariate analysis will provide important advantages in the selection phase of future breeding programs. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to determine and classify these traits. Multivariate analysis, that includes principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), is considered the best tool for selecting promising genotypes in the future breeding programs. Methods: Eighteen landraces and two species were used to classify morphological traits in this study. Nine different morphological traits were observed during the research period. These are; days to 50% flowering (DFT), plant height (PH), branches per plant (BPP), clusters per plant (CPP), number of pods per cluster (PPC), seed yield per plot (SYPP), biomass yield per plot (BYPP), harvest index (HI), 1000 seed weight (SW). Result: Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a high level of variation among the genotypes. Therefore, high variability was observed in DFT (36-59 day), PH (39-76 cm), BPP (3-7), CPP (4-21), SYPP (231-824 g), BYPP (3300-10300 g), HI (6.77-11.25%) and 1000 SW (19.95-50.50 g). According to cluster analysis, landraces with the least genetic diversity distance between them in terms of morphological traits examined were determined as 2 and 3.

Salinity is the abiotic stress factor that most restricts agricultural production after drought. In this study, mung beans (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) genotypes were analyzed the resistance performance to salinity stress in germination stage and early seedling stage. In accordance with this purpose, 17 mung bean genotypes were used in the study. Genotypes used in the study were treated with distilled water (0) and 2 different salt doses (4 and 8 mmhos cm-1 NaCl) as the control group. Petri dishes were allowed to stay at room temperature (25 ° C) for 9 days, and salt solution was added when required. The data obtained from the study, were obtained on the average of the measurements made on the 9th day and then analyzed. Germination power, root length, shoot length, fresh weight and dry weight were determined as the analyzed parameters in the study. Increasing NaCl doses generally affected all parameters negatively. According to the analysis of variance with the results obtained, the genotypic effect was found to be statistically significant in all parameters, which was analyzed in this study. Stress dose was found to be statistically significant in all parameters except the dry weight parameter. In addition to this, genotype × stress dose interaction was determined to be statistically significant in germination power, root length and shoot length parameters. Genotypes, which were numbered No.20 and No.24, had maximum results in statistically important parameters such as germination power (97.00-94.11%), root length (1.557-1.563 cm) and shoot length (2.033-1.793 cm) under applied highest salt dose. As a result of this, No.20 and No.24 genotypes were determined to be the more tolerant to salt stress than other genotypes used in the study. As a conclusion, it is suggested that No.20 and No.24 genotypes can be used as parental plants in the breeding of new varieties tolerant to salinity in the future.

The aim of this research was to determine the responses of diploid and tetraploid Italian ryegrass cultivars to interactive effects of salinity and temperature during the germination period. The seeds of diploid (cv Efe) (2×) and tetraploid (cv Baquena) (4×) Italian ryegrass were used as materials. All data obtained in the study were subjected to analysis of variance in accordance with the completely randomized design as triplicate using a three-way factorial ANOVA. Therefore, using multivariate analysis at different temperatures, provided information about the relative importance of each trait. The seeds were germinated at three different temperatures (15ºC, 25ºC, 35ºC) with 12-h photoperiod to screen and evaluate the effects of three different sodium chloride concentrations (NaCl) (0, 75, 150 mM) on the seed germination process of the Italian ryegrass cultivars. Germination energy (%) and germination percentage (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), promptness index, and simple vigour index were measured to define germination responses. At different temperatures and salinity conditions; tetraploid Italian ryegrass had a better performance as compared to diploid Italian ryegrass. 25ºC (Topt) and 75 mM (S2) are the optimal temperature and salt level for both cultivars during the germination process.

Chromosome line and characterization of nine Turkish alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) lines were investigated using karyological techniques in this study. Root tips were obtained from germinated alfalfa seeds in petri dishes at room temperature (25°C) for visualizing somatic chromosomes. The chromosome numbers of nine alfalfa lines were determined as 2n=4x=32. The karyotype formula of 2n=32= 30m+ 2sm (30 median + 2 submedian) were noted for Line 1, 2and 3. Whereas, Line 4, 6, 8, 9 showed the karyotype formula of 2n=32=32m (32 median). The karyotype formula of Line 5 and 7 were 2n=32=28m+4sm (28 median + 4 submedian). Satellite chromosome pairs were observed from Line 5. The results of the karyotype asymmetry index analysis showed that intrachromosomal asymmetry is higher than interchromosomal asymmetry in the karyotypes of alfalfa lines.

Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the responses of some barley genotypes to salinity stress at the germination period. Methods and Results: Barley seeds provided from the Osman Tosun Gene Bank at Ankara University. Eight six-row barley genotypes (33, 64, 159, 184, 200, 202, 220 and 231) and two six-row barley cultivars (cv Avcı-2002 and cv Cetin-2000) were used in this study. Salinity stress was applied to the seeds in four different doses of NaCl (distilled water (0), 75 mM, 150 mM and 225 mM). The experiments were carried out at 25±1°C and dark conditions with triplicate according to completely randomized plot design. In order to determine the salinity tolerance of genotypes in the study; germination speed (%), germination power (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), shoot dry weight (g), root fresh weight (g) and root dry weight (g) parameters were measured. Conclusions: As results of these measures, all parameters were found to be statistically significant (p≤0.01) except for germination power and shoot dry weight. Genotype × NaCl dose interaction was found significantly different at p≤0.01 level for germination speed and root fresh weight. Significance and Impact of the Study: Genotype 200 and 220 showed better performance under salinity stress than other genotypes. Also, it can be used as a parental genitor in future breeding studies.

The study aimed to observe the effects of two forage sorghum hybrids and different nitrogenous (N) fertilizer rates. The current study was set up in randomized complete block (RCB) as a split-plot design with triplicate at the Field Crops Department experimental area, University of Ankara in the 2022 summer season. This experiment included two treatments which had forage sorghum hybrids (Hay day and Super-graze) and nitrogen fertilization rates in the form of 18% ammonium sulfate [control group with no nitrogen (N0), 120 kg ha-1 N (N1), 180 kg ha-1 N (N2)]. N fertilizing rates positively influenced in agronomic profiles, yield components and nutritive profiles. The plant height (197.24-221.72 cm), green herbage yield (GHY) (60.42-70.89 ton ha-1), dry matter (DM) yield (17.77-23.98 ton ha-1), crude protein (CP) yield (0.97-1.90 ton ha-1), metabolic energy (ME) yield (33070.17-51840.85 Mcal ha-1), net energy production (NEp) yield (21164.91-33178.15 Mcal ha-1) increased with applied N rates. The maximum of DM (33.83%), CP (7.90%), TDN (58.63%), ME (2.16 Mcal kg-1 DM), NEp (1.80 Mcal kg-1 DM), and the minimum of ADF (33.09%), NDF (53.17%), ADL (5.14%) were obtained in N2 rates. In light of the results; “Hay-day” had more GHY. “Sugar-graze” had more DM yield and it was determined more digestible forage. It was inferred that the best yield components and nutritive profiles were obtained in N2 rate.