Intense market competition has driven small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector to collaborate and form supply chain coalitions, which can improve the information flow and resource sharing and significantly enhance supply chain management efficiency. However, the distribution of cooperative benefits poses a core challenge for the long-term stability of coalitions. This paper addresses the impact of dynamic changes in complex business environments by utilizing triangular fuzzy numbers to represent the value of coalition, effectively depicting the uncertainty and ambiguity in the cooperation process. Compared to traditional models (which do not use triangular fuzzy numbers), this model is better suited to dynamic changes, offering flexible response mechanisms that ensure adaptability and fairness in the decision-making process. In addition, considering the influence of each member’s weight in the coalition, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is used to determine the weights. With the goal of minimizing the dissatisfaction of enterprises in benefit distribution, a least square contribution with triangular fuzzy numbers is constructed to replace the marginal contribution of the classical Banzhaf value, and an improved Banzhaf value based on the player’s triangular fuzzy number-weighted excess contribution is proposed to arrive at a fair and reasonable benefit allocation strategy in order to enhance the long-term stability and cooperative benefits of coalition. By analyzing an example of the supply chain coalition, the effectiveness of the proposed improved Banzhaf value is verified, which satisfies the uniqueness, the individual rationality, and the group rationality. It not only promotes the level of risk management and decision making under the uncertainty conditions of complex business, but also deepens the theoretical foundation of cooperative game theory and expands its possibilities in practical applications and future development.

With the rapid development of e-commerce, the traditional trade mode of forest products has undergone significant changes. Logistics as a key factor to support e-commerce trade is particularly important to build a reasonable e-commerce logistics model of forest products. In the logistics service industry, the issue of cooperative profit allocation of logistics alliance has been crucial and prevalent. However, logistics alliances often face the problem of incomplete information, such as the ambiguity of transportation cost and driving distance, which makes it difficult to effectively apply many classical cooperative game solutions. Therefore, this paper introduces an improved Shapley value for cooperative games in fuzzy situations regarding unclear profit allocation in e-commerce logistics alliance of forest products. This value maximizes the satisfaction of the players by minimizing the contribution excess, according to which the trapezoidal fuzzy number least square contribution is calculated. Based on this, we replace the marginal contribution of the classical Shapley value with this least square contribution, thus creating the improved Shapley value with trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. Through the verification of actual cases, this method not only has theoretical value, but also provides effective guidance for the actual profit allocation of e-commerce logistics alliance of forest products, which helps to promote the stability and sustainable development of alliance.

Environmental regulation has become a central policy tool for reconciling the tensions between ecological sustainability and industrial development. Although most existing studies focus on its impact on green innovation or firm behavioral change, attention to how environmental regulation affects the structural resilience of manufacturing systems under external shocks remains limited. This paper constructs a balanced panel dataset covering 287 prefecture-level cities in mainland China from 2006 to 2021 to quantify the impact of environmental regulation intensity on the resilience of manufacturing development. Manufacturing resilience is assessed through a comprehensive indicator system, including the dimensions of adaptive capacity, recovery potential, and industrial continuity. The empirical results show that environmental regulation has a significant inhibitory effect on manufacturing resilience, and this effect is supported in a number of robustness analyses using instrumental variable estimation and lagged structural tests. Mechanism analysis suggests that, despite the overall negative effect, environmental regulations can indirectly enhance resilience performance by promoting industrial autonomy and digital transformation under certain conditions. Heterogeneity analysis further reveals that the negative effect is more pronounced in regions with higher regulatory intensity, in non-self-employed firms, in industries not subject to U.S. sanctions, and in eastern China. These findings suggest that the dynamic needs of the industrial system should be taken into account in the formulation of environmental policies, and that digital capacity building and autonomy upgrading should be the key paths to mitigate regulatory shocks.

By researching how to select green products for express packaging, this study provides a scientific decision-making basis and methodology for logistics enterprises, encouraging them to accelerate green transformation and meet consumer demands. This article proposes a method for logistics companies to evaluate green products using specific indicators. First, triangular fuzzy numbers and their α-levels are incorporated into the calculation process. Second, when determining the weights of each indicator, both the priority and its relative degree are considered, enhancing the evaluation in relevant scenarios. Finally, an improved approach for calculating positive and negative ideal solutions in the TOPSIS method is presented. Through numerical examples, we demonstrate that the value of α in the improved fuzzy TOPSIS method proposed in this study critically influences logistics enterprises’ selection of container bag suppliers.

Against the backdrop of an increasingly sound supply chain system and thriving e-commerce, it is becoming increasingly common for retailers to introduce their own brands of products and for manufacturers to open up direct online sales channels. The existence of these two supply chain decisions is complex and involves interactions. Moreover, the introduction of online direct sales channels will bring about differences in prices and service quality between channels, resulting in a free-riding effect on the internet. However, existing related research rarely considers the role of network free-riding effect in this supply chain system. This article integrates the network free-riding effect into the supply chain model by setting the network free-riding rate. According to whether retailers introduce their own brand products and manufacturers open up online direct sales channels, four supply chain scenarios are formed, and the reverse recursion method is used to obtain the profit functions for each of these four scenarios. Then, a Stackelberg game model is established to determine the response strategies of manufacturers and retailers based on the changes in profits of manufacturers caused by retailer decisions and the changes in profits of retailers caused by manufacturer decisions. Through analysis, it was discovered that a key factor affecting decision-making within the supply chain system is the retailer’s channel advantage. When the channel advantage of retailers is strong, manufacturers will open up online direct sales channels to weaken the channel advantage of retailers. Retailers will not introduce their own brand products but are more inclined to cooperate with manufacturers. When the channel advantage of retailers is weak, retailers will attract consumers and consolidate their channel advantage by introducing high-quality, low-priced private label products, while manufacturers will maintain cooperation with retailers and adopt a strategy of not opening up online direct sales channels. We also analyzed the Nash equilibrium state under different channel advantages of retailers.

The export expansion of wood forest products (WFPs) generates substantial socio-economic benefits. Unfortunately, the WFP manufacturing industry frequently experiences challenges in accessing finance and high financing costs. Since profit scramble between financial sector and real economy sectors has become a critical global concern, it is worth investigating how banking sector profits (BSPs) impact WFPs’ export margins, and whether a “financial concession” policy can mitigate or amplify this effect. Drawing on over four million trade records from China’s Customs Database and the United Nations Trade and Business Database, this study quantifies the WFPs’ export margins of 31 provinces in Mainland China to 184 countries during 2007–2022. Then it assesses the effects of regional BSP on the WFPs’ export margins. The results indicate that the extensive, intensive, and quantity margins of WFPs’ export exhibit an overall upward trend with fluctuations, while the price margin has shown steady growth since 2016. Regional BSP has significant negative effects on the extensive, intensive, and quantity margins. The observed upward trend of WFPs’ export margins implies that low BSP may facilitate export growth of WFPs. Further heterogeneity analysis indicates that the BSPs’ negative impact is more pronounced for labor-intensive WFPs’ exports. China’s “financial concession” policy effectively mitigates the BSPs’ adverse effects. Moderation effect analysis demonstrates that a larger number of bank institution outlets, a higher share of rural bank institution outlets, and the development of digital finance significantly reduce the BSPs’ negative effects.