Agroforestry has gained increasing attention as a sustainable land use mode to ensure food security, mitigate global climate change, and improve farmers’ livelihoods. Likewise, agroforestry plays a key role in alleviating poverty, mitigating climate change and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in China. Lanxangia tsaoko, as a typical agroforestry species in Nujiang Prefecture, plays a vital role in improving farmers’ livelihoods. After years of development, the Lanxangia tsaoko industry (LTI) in Nujiang Prefecture has made remarkable achievements and accumulated useful experiences. Taking the development of LTI as an example, this paper analyzes the impact of agroforestry on farmers’ livelihoods and its mechanism through field survey and theoretical deduction. First, by investigating the willingness of households to choose LTI, we found that most farmers have a positive attitude toward LTI, and they actively participate in cooperative organizations. Then, by analyzing the development stage and mode of LTI in Nujiang Prefecture, we found that the industry has made significant progress under the external and internal effects. We also found that the mechanism by which agroforestry affects farmers’ livelihoods is a process in which various stakeholders, including government, enterprises, farmers, etc., participate in industrial development with their production components and advantages. Although agroforestry is an effective way to improve farmers’ livelihoods and promote sustainable agricultural development, it is also necessary to pay attention to risk prevention. This paper discusses the role of agroforestry in farmers’ livelihoods, which provides a reference for lower-income forest areas.

Global climate change has rendered the ecological environment in China’s arid and semi-arid regions increasingly fragile. Water has emerged as a limiting factor for development in these areas. The current understanding of how soil stoichiometry responds to changes in precipitation remains incomplete. This study utilized meta-analysis to synthesize and organize a substantial body of relevant research data, examining the relationships between precipitation variation, influencing factors, soil nutrients, and stoichiometric ratios. The findings indicate that changes in precipitation significantly affect soil physical and chemical properties. Overall, soil ecological stoichiometry shows a downward trend, suggesting that soils in these regions are highly sensitive to moisture fluctuations. The responses of desert and desert steppe ecosystems exhibit the most pronounced econometric ratio changes, while surface and deep soils demonstrate differing responses to variations in precipitation. Analysis of environmental factors reveals that climate, soil physical and chemical properties, and microbial activities are the primary drivers of changes in metering ratios. Precipitation fluctuations affect the soil C, N, and P equilibrium in arid and semi-arid regions by controlling soil moisture, organic matter, and microbial activity. Consequently, these changes can potentially influence nutrient cycling, vegetation growth, and ecosystem stability. This research demonstrates the sensitivity of soil C:N:P balance in arid regions of China to precipitation variations, offering a foundation for evaluating nutrient cycling in arid ecosystems, the resilience of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus reservoirs, and guiding future ecological restoration and climate change adaptation efforts in arid regions.