Osteoid osteoma (OO) is a common benign bone tumour, usually affecting young people. Typically, it is localised to the diaphyses or metaphyses of long bones. The classical manifestation includes distinctive night pain, almost always present, responding well to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sometimes accompanied by complaints due to physical activity, and a typical picture on additional tests. A characteristic of osteoid osteoma is the presence of a nidus, usually visible on imaging tests. The nidus generally presents as a single, round lytic lesion up to 1 cm in diameter, surrounded by an area of reactive ossification. However, OO is a multifaceted neoplasm, and its diagnosis can cause numerous difficulties. OO can mimic multiple diseases and vice versa, which often leads to a prolonged diagnostic and therapeutic path and associated complications. There are few literature reviews about the differentiation and diagnostic difficulties of osteoid osteoma. Very effective therapies for this tumour are known, such as ablation and resection. Enhanced detection of osteoid osteoma could result in faster diagnosis and less suffering for the patient, avoidance of complications, and reduced costs of incorrect and prolonged treatment.

Numerous indirect methods for apical vertebral rotation (AVR) measurement have been reported and none of them seems to be as accurate as computed tomography evaluation. The aim of this study was to compare spinal rotation changes during innovative technique of intraoperative computed tomography (ICT) evaluation with indirect methods such as Perdriolle and clinical evaluation with scoliometer. We examined 42 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients treated with posterior scoliosis surgery (PSS). The mean age at the time of surgery was 16 years. ICT evaluation was performed before and after scoliosis correction in prone position. Clinical rib hump measure with scoliometer and radiographic Perdriolle were performed before and after surgery. There was 71,5% of average rib hump correction with scoliometer but only 31% of correction with ICT (P=0,026) and there was no significant correlation between them (R=0,297,p=0,26). Mean postcorrectional Perdriolle AVR had a decrease of 16,5°. The average ICT AVR had a decrease of only 1,2° (P=0,003). There was no significant statistic correlation between ICT and Perdriolle AVR evaluation (R=0,297,p=0,2). There is a significant discrepancy in AVR and rib hump assessment between scoliometer and Perdriolle methods and ICT evaluation, which seems to be the most accurate tool for spinal derotation measurement.

Avulsion fractures of the pelvis usually occur in young athletes and are the most common type of avulsion fractures in the pediatric population. The most frequent fractures of this group are fractures of the anterior superior and anterior inferior iliac spine and fractures of the ischial tuberosity. The diagnosis of this type of fracture requires awareness, because their symptoms may suggest muscular injuries. There have not been found clear-cut guidelines for the treatment of pelvic avulsion fractures in the currently available literature. Most of these fractures can be successfully treated conservatively. Operative treatment should be considered first in professional athletes, and significant displacements fragments of the fracture, amount to more than 1-3 cm depending on the source. Patients who undergo surgical treat-ment have a faster recovery, however, surgery is associated with several possible complica-tions, including this contingent on implant presence. There are several surgical treatment techniques, all of which are described as giving good results with few complications.

Background: Preoperative fasting is one of the most difficult stages of hospitalization for children and their caregivers. The popularization of preoperative oral polycarbohydrate preparations is an important element influencing the comfort of hospitalized children. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of carbohydrate administration on perioperative blood glucose (PBG), the occurrence of complications in the pre- and postoperative periods, and satisfaction in children and adolescents. Material and methods: The study was a comparative-observational one, and the following research methods were used: an author’s diagnostic questionnaire, observation, and analysis of medical documentation. The research group consisted of 50 patients from the Pediatric Orthopedic Department who received an oral polycarbohydrate solution up to 2 h before anesthesia. The control group consisted of 50 patients who fasted for more than 6 h before anesthesia. The study was conducted between February and May 2024. Results: The patients were assessed using a measurement of venous blood glucose taken immediately before the administration of premedication. Parents completed a questionnaire regarding their child’s perioperative period. Conclusions: The glucose level in patients who received a polycarbohydrate preparation is higher than in children who did not. The administration of polycarbohydrate preparations influences the feeling of thirst and hunger in the postoperative period in children and adolescents. Oral administration of a polycarbohydrate preparation up to 2 h before anesthesia does not cause regurgitation in children and adolescents. Patients who received an oral polycarbohydrate preparation tolerated the waiting period before anesthesia better. Preoperative fasting is, apart from the insertion of venous access, the most stressful situation for children and adolescents during hospitalization. The supply of oral polycarbohydrate preparations has a positive effect on pediatric patients in the perioperative period.