With the aging process, elderly people present changes in their bodies that can lead them to suffer several geriatric syndromes. The present study aimed to analyze and synthesize the literature produced concerning the association of sarcopenia with falls in elderly people with cognitive impairment. This is a systematic review study on etiology and risk, conducted according to the JBI methodology using the Medline (Pubmed), Cinahl, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The gray literature search was conducted in the CAPES Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations, Google Scholar, Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (NDLTD), EBSCO Open Dissertations, DART-e, and ACS Guide to Scholarly Communication. The identification of the association between the variables was extracted from the articles themselves (Odds Ratio and the 95% Confidence Intervals). Four articles published between 2012 and 2021 were included in this review. A prevalence of falls was identified, ranging from 14.2% to 23.1%, of cognitive impairment ranging from 24.1% to 60.8%, and of sarcopenia ranging from 6.1 to 26.6%. The meta-analysis found that elderly people with cognitive impairment who suffer falls are at a 1.88 times greater risk of presenting sarcopenia (p = 0.01). There is evidence of an association between the variables, but it is necessary to conduct follow-up studies to support this association as well as other factors that may influence the senescence and senility process.

Objective: to map scientific knowledge on nursing students’ attitudes and perceptions regarding ageism. Method: scoping review according to the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study question was: What are scientific evidence available on the attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding ageism? The search was conducted in 12 databases using the Rayyan application and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were selected by two reviewers using a data extraction tool. Results: of the 4,595 files, 46 that were published between 1984 and 2022 were selected, and the quantitative method was the most used. The most commonly used instrument was the Kogan’s Attitudes Toward Old People Scale. Positive, negative, mixed, neutral, and inconclusive attitudes and perceptions were identified. Conclusion: attitudes and perceptions about ageism are diverse and not conclusive. Future intervention studies are recommended to detect changes in the behavior of nursing students in the face of ageism.

Resumo Objetivo analisar o risco de queda e sua associação com as variáveis demográficas, clínicas, estado cognitivo, risco de sarcopenia e fragilidade da pessoa idosa hospitalizada em uma clínica médica de um hospital universitário. Método Estudo quantitativo, observacional, transversal e analítico realizado com 60 pessoas idosas hospitalizadas na clínica médica de um hospital universitário da cidade de São Paulo – SP, Brasil, com o uso dos seguintes questionários: perfil demográfico, dados clínicos, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Morse, Escala SARC-F e Índice de Fragilidade Tilburg. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e teste de normalidade de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Para as variáveis quantitativas foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Spearman e para categóricas, o teste U Mann-Whitney. Para identificar a associação, foi utilizada a regressão linear múltipla e adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados Predomínio do sexo feminino, entre 60-79 anos e sem companheiro (a). Ademais, 80% apresentavam comprometimento cognitivo, 88,3% foram categorizados como frágeis, 60% apresentavam risco para sarcopenia e 75% possuíam alto risco de queda durante a hospitalização. Verificou-se associação do comprometimento cognitivo, ser frágil e ter risco de sarcopenia com o risco de queda na pessoa idosa hospitalizada. Conclusão o elevado risco de quedas em idosos hospitalizados está diretamente relacionado com a presença de deficit cognitivo, síndrome da fragilidade e o risco para sarcopenia, afirmando que esses fatores merecem atenção dos gestores e profissionais de enfermagem.

Introduction: With aging, there is an increased risk of suffering from different chronic diseases, including high blood pressure. Hypertension management must be carried out by health professionals, whether or not treatment involves medication. By controlling drug treatment, especially adherence, serious health problems for older people can be avoided. Objective: To determine the factors associated with adherence to arterial hypertension treatment in older adults who live at home. Materials and Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was conducted in La Libertad Region, Peru, with 342 older adults living at home. For data collection, a sociodemographic profile form, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure measurements, the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) test, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Morisky Green Levine (MGL) adherence scale were used. In addition, descriptive and analytical statistics were used. Result: 57.60% of the participants did not adhere to the pharmacological treatment, and, in most of the sociodemographic variables examined, they did not adhere to pharmacological treatment in most cases. Likewise, a relationship between retirement in older adults and the MGL adherence scale score was identified. The study showed evidence linking treatment adherence and age (p=0.01), retirement status (p=0.05), and history of stroke (p=0.004). Discussion: Treatment adherence depends on sociodemographic and health factors for disease control and a healthy lifestyle. Conclusion: Older adults and their caregivers need guidance and education to improve adherence to pharmacological treatments.

Objective To analyze the risk of falls and its association with demographic and clinical variables, cognitive status, risk of sarcopenia and frailty among older adults hospitalized in a medical clinic of a university hospital. Method A quantitative, observational, cross-sectional analytical study of 60 older adults hospitalized in the medical clinic of a university hospital in São Paulo city, São Paulo state, Brazil, was carried out. Questionnaires collecting demographic profile and clinical data, the Mini-Mental State Examination, Morse Scale, SARC-F Scale and Tilburg Frailty Indicator were applied. Descriptive analyses and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test were performed. Spearman’s correlation test was used for quantitative variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for categorical variables. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the associations and a significance level of 5% was adopted. Results The study sample comprised predominantly individuals that were female, aged 60-79 years and without a partner. Overall, 80% had cognitive impairment, 88.3% were diagnosed as frail, 60% were at risk for sarcopenia, and 75% had a high risk of falls during hospitalization. Cognitive impairment, frailty and sarcopenia risk were associated with risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults. Conclusion High risk of falls in the hospitalized older adults was directly associated with the presence of cognitive impairment, frailty syndrome and sarcopenia risk, confirming that these factors warrant attention from managers and nursing professionals.