Since cisplatin therapy is usually accompanied with numerous toxicities, including neurotoxicity, that involve tissue oxidative damage, the aim of this study was to evaluate the possible protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on the anxiogenic response to cisplatin (CIS). Thirty-two male Wistar albino rats divided into four groups (control, cisplatin, NAC, and CIS + NAC). All treatments were delivered intraperitoneally. On day one, the control and cisplatin groups received saline while the NAC and CIS + NAC groups were administered with NAC (500 mg/kg). On the fifth day, the control group received saline while the CIS group was treated with cisplatin (7.5 mg/kg), the NAC group again received NAC (500 mg/kg), and the CIS + NAC group was simultaneously treated with cisplatin and NAC (7.5 and 500 mg/kg, respectively). Behavioral testing, performed on the tenth day in the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests, revealed the anxiogenic effect of cisplatin that was significantly attenuated by NAC. The hippocampal sections evaluation showed increased oxidative stress (increased lipid peroxidation and decline in antioxidant enzymes activity) and proapoptotic action (predominantly by diminished antiapoptotic gene expression) following a single dose of cisplatin. NAC supplementation along with cisplatin administration reversed the prooxidative and proapoptotic effects of cisplatin. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study confirmed that antioxidant supplementation with NAC may attenuate the cisplatin-induced anxiety. The mechanism of anxiolytic effect achieved by NAC may include the decline in oxidative damage that down regulates increased apoptosis and reverses the anxiogenic action of cisplatin.

In 2012, alcohol liver disease resulted in 3.3 million—5.9% of global deaths. This study introduced whey protection capacity against chronic alcohol-induced liver injury. Rats were orally administered to 12% ethanol solution in water (ad libitum, average 8.14 g of ethanol/kg body weight (b.w.)/day) alone or combined with whey (per os, 2 g/kg b.w./day). After 6-week treatment, chronic ethanol consumption induced significant histopathological liver changes: congestion, central vein dilation, hepatic portal vein branch dilation, Kupffer cells hyperplasia, fatty liver changes, and hepatocytes focal necrosis. Ethanol significantly increased liver catalase activity and glutathione reductase protein expression without significant effects on antioxidative enzymes: glutathione peroxidase (GPx), copper–zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) and manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Co-treatment with whey significantly attenuated pathohistological changes induced by ethanol ingestion and increased GSH-Px and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) protein expression. Our results showed positive effects of whey on liver chronically exposed to ethanol, which seem to be associated with NF-κB-GPx signaling.

We present a very rare case of a child with nine supernumerary teeth to analyze the potential, benefits, and limitations of artificial intelligence, as well as two commercial tools for tooth segmentation. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly finding applications in dentistry today, particularly in radiography. Special attention is given to models based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) and their application in automatic segmentation of the oral cavity and tooth structures. The integration of AI is gaining increasing attention, and the automation of the detection and localization of supernumerary teeth can accelerate the treatment planning process. Despite advancements in 3D segmentation techniques, relying on trained professionals remains crucial. Therefore, human expertise should remain key, and AI should be seen as a support rather than a replacement. Generally, a comprehensive tool that can satisfy all clinical needs in terms of supernumerary teeth and their segmentation is not yet available, so it is necessary to incorporate multiple tools into practice.

Introduction/Aim: Soft tissue dehiscences such as gingival recessions are a very common problem that we face in modern periodontics. This clinical study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of surgical procedures using a de-epithelialized gingival graft (DGG) combined with a coronally advanced flap and to evaluate the application of plasma-rich fibrin (PRF). Methods: The study included 40 teeth (20 patients) with Miller class I and II gingival recessions. Twenty recessions (20 patients) were treated utilizing the de-epithelialized gingival graft in combination with the coronally advanced flap, and on the opposite side of the jaw, the same number of recessions were treated utilizing plasma-rich fibrin combined with the coronally advanced flap. To evaluate tissue condition and the clinical parameters before and after the surgical procedure, the following parameters were used: the degree of epithelial attachment (DEA), the width of keratinized gingiva (WKG), and the vertical depth of recession (VDR). Results: based on the achieved results and the analysis of clinical parameters, a statistically significant reduction in the vertical depth of recession was proven in both groups, with very similar mean percentages of root coverage, with the difference being that the stability of the soft tissues of the treated region was more visible in the DGG. Conclusion: using modern surgical procedures allows the regeneration of not only the soft tissues but also deeper periodontal tissues.

External root resorption (ERR) of a tooth represents a process in which irreversible damage occurs to solid dental tissues, more precisely of the cement and dentin. External resorption occurs on the root surface or periodontal ligament, and it is manifested by the loss of cement and/or dentine. The prevalence of ERR of the second molar associated with an impacted third molar, based on retro-alveolar radiography and orthopantomography, ranges from 0.3% to 24.2%. The aim of this research was to analyze ERR of the upper and lower jaw associated with the impacted third molar by the application of the Come Beam Computed Tomography. This study included 96 third molars in the upper and lower jaw of a total of 46 analyzed patients’ images. Total prevalence of the second molar ERR associated with the impacted third molar was 8.82%. The second molar ERR was observed in 8 patients (7.84%). Frequency of the second molar ERR in the lower jaw is higher, and it is 8.2%, while in the upper jaw it is only 1% (r = 0.032). Impacted third molars associated with the second molar ERR were most frequently in horizontal (5.1%) and mesioangular (4.1%) position (p = 0.000). The second molar ERR could be avoided by the preventive extraction of mesioangular or horizontal third molars. An adequate decision on the extraction of impacted third molars must be made by the careful assessment of risks and benefits of this surgical intervention. Before the surgical intervention, an adequate care of the second molar, adequate restoration, endodontic treatment or root resection should be done if necessary.

Introduction. Temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD) is a set of disorders that involve the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and its associated structures. Osteoarthritis (OA), as one of the forms of TMD, leads to permanent changes in the bone structures of TMJ. These changes can be the cause of serious functional disorders of the TMJ. Case outline. This article describes a case of a 24-year-old female patient who sought help due to pain and swelling in the area of the right and left TMJ, accompanied by muscular tension, severe headaches, which did not respond to medication. Аfter establishing the diagnosis, we have applied a therapy in the treatment of the bilateral OA of TMJ, where we used non-invasive methods. Six months later, the patient reported the absence of pain, swelling, headache, and muscle tension in the orofacial region. Conclusion. There is no “gold standard” for the management of ОА of ТМЈ. In our study, non-invasive therapy had a positive effect, where we achieved success in eliminating pain, increasing range of motion of the lower jaw, stopping the progression of the disease and advancing quality of life.