In the field of tissue engineering, conductive hydrogels have been the most effective biomaterials to mimic the biological and electrical properties of tissues in the human body. The main advantages of conductive hydrogels include not only their physical properties but also their adequate electrical properties, which provide electrical signals to cells efficiently. However, when introducing a conductive material into a non-conductive hydrogel, a conflicting relationship between the electrical and mechanical properties may develop. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of the generation of conductive hydrogels using various conductive materials such as metal nanoparticles, carbons, and conductive polymers. The fabrication method of blending, coating, and in situ polymerization is also added. Furthermore, the applications of conductive hydrogel in cardiac tissue engineering, nerve tissue engineering, and bone tissue engineering and skin regeneration are discussed in detail.

A recent focus on the development of biobased polymer packaging films has come about in response to the environmental hazards caused by petroleum-based, nonbiodegradable packaging materials. Among biopolymers, chitosan is one of the most popular due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, antibacterial properties, and ease of use. Due to its ability to inhibit gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast, and foodborne filamentous fungi, chitosan is a suitable biopolymer for developing food packaging. However, more than the chitosan is required for active packaging. In this review, we summarize chitosan composites which show active packaging and improves food storage condition and extends its shelf life. Active compounds such as essential oils and phenolic compounds with chitosan are reviewed. Moreover, composites with polysaccharides and various nanoparticles are also summarized. This review provides valuable information for selecting a composite that enhances shelf life and other functional qualities when embedding chitosan. Furthermore, this report will provide directions for the development of novel biodegradable food packaging materials.

Many pathological conditions are predominantly associated with oxidative stress, arising from reactive oxygen species (ROS); therefore, the modulation of redox-activities has been a key strategy to restore normal tissue functions.

Core–shell particles are very well known for their unique features. Their distinctive inner core and outer shell structure allowed promising biomedical applications at both nanometer and micrometer scales. The primary role of core–shell particles is to deliver the loaded drugs as they are capable of sequence-controlled release and provide protection of drugs. Among other biomedical polymers, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a food and drug administration (FDA)-approved polymer, has been recognized for the vehicle material. This review introduces PLGA core–shell nano/microparticles and summarizes various drug-delivery systems based on these particles for cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. Tissue regeneration mainly includes bone, cartilage, and periodontal regeneration.

Neuronal tissue engineering has immense potential for treating neurological disorders and facilitating nerve regeneration. Conducting polymers (CPs) have emerged as a promising class of materials owing to their unique electrical conductivity and biocompatibility. CPs, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT), polypyrrole (PPy), and polyaniline (PANi), have been extensively explored for their ability to provide electrical cues to neural cells. These polymers are widely used in various forms, including porous scaffolds, hydrogels, and nanofibers, and offer an ideal platform for promoting cell adhesion, differentiation, and axonal outgrowth. CP-based scaffolds can also serve as drug delivery systems, enabling localized and controlled release of neurotrophic factors and therapeutic agents to enhance neural regeneration and repair. CP-based scaffolds have demonstrated improved neural regeneration, both in vitro and in vivo, for treating spinal cord and peripheral nerve injuries. In this review, we discuss synthesis and scaffold processing methods for CPs and their applications in neuronal tissue regeneration. We focused on a detailed literature review of the central and peripheral nervous systems.