Bounteous modern and innovative biotechnological tools have resulted in progressive development in the barley breeding program. Doubled haploids developed (homozygous lines) in a single generation is significant. Since the first discovery of haploid plants in 1920 and, in particular, after discovering in vitro androgenesis in 1964 by Guha and Maheshwari, the doubled haploidy techniques have been progressively developed and constantly improved. It has shortened the cultivar development time and has been extensively used in: genetic studies, gene mapping, marker/trait association, and QTL studies. In barley, the haploid occurrence developed gradually from being a sporadic and random process (spontaneous) to haploid development by in vivo method of modified pollination or by in vitro culture of immature male or female gametophytes. Although significant improvement in DH induction protocols has been made, challenges still exist for improvement in areas such as: low efficiency, albinism, genotypic specificity etc. Here, the paper focuses on: haploidization via different in vitro, in vivo techniques, the recent advances technologies like centromere‐mediated haploidization, hap induction gene, and Doubled haploid CRISPR. The au-courant work of different researchers in barley using these technologies is reviewed. Studies on different factors affecting haploid induction and work on genome doubling of barley haploids to produce DH lines via spontaneous and induced technologies has also been highlighted.

Healthy and pure seeds of two varieties of ricebean viz., BRS-1 and Totru Local were treated with gamma rays (30, 40 and 50 kR) and ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) (0.50, 0.60 and 0.70%). A steady reduction in germination and subsequent survival of the treated population and seedling height reduction was observed with the increasing dose/concentration of mutagens in both the cultivars regardless of the mutagens used. EMS was almost four times more effective and two times more efficient than gamma-rays and both mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency decreased with an increasing doses/concentrations of mutagens. The coefficient of variation for all the quantitative characters were of higher magnitude compared to control in both the cultivars. The lower doses (30kR in gamma rays and 0.50% in EMS) were found to be the most important doses for inducing desirable variability in ricebean and two traits i.e. pods per cluster and seeds per pod showed high heritability coupled with high genetic advance in both BRS-1 and Totru Local indicating that breeding for these traits can be achieved by phenotypic selection.