In the present study, we demonstrate magnetic iron (III) oxide nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) uptake by the Solanum lycopersicum (S. lycopersicum) plant. The S. lycopersicum seeds were coated with Fe₂O₃ NPs and allowed to germinate in moistened sand bed. The seedlings are observed for 20 days, and then, it was post-treated using different amounts of Fe₂O₃ NPs in hydroponic solution for 10 days. The plant was allowed to grow in green house for 3 months, and uptake of NPs through roots and translocation into different parts was studied. For this, we have segmented the plants and incubated with 10 % NaOH solution. It is found that the NPs are deposited preferentially in root hairs, root tips followed by nodal and middle zone of plant. The iron present in the whole plant was quantitatively estimated by treating dry biomass of the plant in acid. The Fe²⁺/Fe_total increased with increasing concentration of NPs and >45 % ferrous iron suggests the biomineralization of NPs due to rich phytochemicals in plants. We believe that the present study is useful to build a base line data for novel applications in agri-nanotechnology.

The herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-DPAA) is commonly used in agricultural practices. Unfortunately, it has a high toxicity level and is known to be a carcinogenic substance. Therefore, developing an analytical technique capable of detecting this com­pound is crucial. Electrochemical methods offer a viable solution for the rapid and on-site analysis of 2,4-DPAA residues in real samples. The detection of 2,4-DPAA can be achieved through electrochemical redox electron transfer reactions, making voltammetry an effective approach. Various studies have explored the use of carbon electrodes, such as glassy carbon electrodes (GCE), carbon paste electrodes (CPE), and screen-printed electro­des (SPE), for voltammetric detection of 2,4-DPAA. However, researchers have encountered challenges in detecting 2,4-DPAA using these carbon electrodes. Consequently, modifi­cations have been made to the carbon materials by incorporating chitosan hierarchical porous silica, Fe3O4-polyaniline nanocomposites, silver, manganese oxide nano­particles, alizarin yellow R polymer, hierarchical porous calcium phosphate, and molecularly im­printed polypyrrole with TiO2 nanotubes. In this comprehensive review, we have examined the effectiveness of each modified electrode, considering factors such as the limit of detection, precise linear range, and recovery rate for detecting 2,4-DPAA in real samples.