(1) Background: To analyze the indications, graft survival, and graft failure-related risk factors of repeat penetrating keratoplasty (RPK) in children. (2) Methods: In this case series, children younger than 12 years who received RPK at Beijing Tongren Hospital were reviewed. The indications for RPK, postoperative complications, and graft survival were analyzed. The analysis of the potential variables associated with graft survival was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. (3) Results: A total of 30 RPK eyes of 29 children were included in this study. The mean follow-up time was 26.98 ± 18.75 months. The most common indication for RPK was a vascularized corneal scar (86.67%). Postoperative complications occurred in 27 eyes (90%), including immune rejection (46.67%), epithelial defects (36.67%), and glaucoma (26.67%). About 60% of the regrafts remained clear one year after RPK, while the overall graft survival rate was 30% at the last visit. The most common cause of regraft failure was irreversible immune rejection (8/21). The significant risks of graft failure included an age of less than 60 months at surgery (p = 0.009), corneal vascularization (p = 0.018), and a postoperative epithelial defect (p = 0.037). (4) Conclusions: A vascularized corneal scar is the most common indication of RPK in children. Immune rejection is the most prevalent complication, and irreversible immune rejection always causes regraft failure.

Purpose To evaluate the three-month efficacy of single-vision spectacle(SVS) and orthokeratology(OK lenses) combined with low-level red light (LLRL) treatment in myopic children. Methods 117 subjects from December 2022 to March 2023 were selected. The subjects groups included 30 cases in the SVS group, 30 cases in the OK lenses group, 30 cases in the SVS combined with LLRL(SVS-LLRL) group, and 27 cases in the OK lenses combined with LLRL(OK-LLRL) group. The amount of AL change and the effectiveness rate of myopia control in three months were compared among the subjects in the four groups. Results The growth of the AL in the SVS group was significantly higher compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the changes of AL between the OK lenses group and the SVS-LLRL group (P > 0.05). However, the changes in AL between the OK lenses group and the OK-LLRL group were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), The changes in AL between the SVS-LLRL group and OK-LLRL group were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The SVS group had the lowest effective rate, with a statistically significant difference in effective rate compared to the other three groups (P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference in effective rate among the OK lenses group, the SVS-LLRL group, and the OK-LLRL group. Conclusion The short-term efficacy of using both SVS and OK lenses combined with LLRL in treating myopic children surpasses that of the original single measure. Additionally, the short-term efficacy of SVS combined with LLRL treatment is comparable to that of OK lenses.

Hallermann-Streiff syndrome is a rare congenital disorder distinguished by characteristic craniofacial and ocular abnormalities. While cataracts and microp