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Lin Zhen
College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

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Review
Published: 22 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) land use changes are primarily influenced by agriculture and its population. The region faces various challenges ranging from rainfall variabilities to poverty and insecurities, which further hampered food supply and production. The spatial analysis identified six land uses—agriculture, forest, grassland, wetland, urban, and others (i.e., bare land, water, and sparse vegetation), showing relative percentage changes. Additionally, information collected and analyzed shows that the Millennium Development Goals period witnessed increased agricultural land use changes in the environment to improve food supply, and farmers adopted local methods and native experiences to mitigate environmental particularities facing the region. Farmers’ landholdings are fragmented, and food supply per capita is low albeit rich in calories, and nutrition is still unbalanced, while bushmeat consumption is popular and serves as an alternative to animal-sourced protein. Concerted efforts should be made to improve food security and edge closer to the sustainable development goal during this decade.

ACS Style

Jeffrey Chiaka; Lin Zhen. Land Use, Environmental, and Food Consumption Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2015: A Review. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8200 .

AMA Style

Jeffrey Chiaka, Lin Zhen. Land Use, Environmental, and Food Consumption Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2015: A Review. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8200.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jeffrey Chiaka; Lin Zhen. 2021. "Land Use, Environmental, and Food Consumption Patterns in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2015: A Review." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8200.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Foods
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The imbalance in the supply and demand for resources is a thorny issue that many countries have to face. Food is a basic resource throughout the world. Understanding the exact situation of food production and consumption is an important foundation for sustainable development. This paper aims to explore the quantity and pattern changes in food production and consumption in Kazakhstan. This can reflect the level of residents’ standard of living and the situation of natural resource use. This paper focuses on the quantitative relationship between animal-based food and plant-based food and the tendency towards changes in urban and rural residents’ food production and consumption in Kazakhstan based on the emergy analysis method. The data of food production and consumption were mainly obtained from the official statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the World Bank, Statistical Commission of the Ministry of National Economy of Kazakhstan, and literature. The research results showed that, over time, Kazakhstan residents’ food consumption patterns have become more varied, and the proportion of meat consumption to total food consumption has increased. Although the rural per capita food consumption is significantly different from that of urban residents, this gap decreased in 2019. In Kazakhstan, the consumption of several types of food still relies on imports. Food production and consumption are affected by economic, social, and ecological factors. The results of this research can provide scientific support for reasonable and sustainable production and consumption strategies in Kazakhstan.

ACS Style

Mengmeng Jia; Lin Zhen. Analysis of Food Production and Consumption Based on the Emergy Method in Kazakhstan. Foods 2021, 10, 1520 .

AMA Style

Mengmeng Jia, Lin Zhen. Analysis of Food Production and Consumption Based on the Emergy Method in Kazakhstan. Foods. 2021; 10 (7):1520.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengmeng Jia; Lin Zhen. 2021. "Analysis of Food Production and Consumption Based on the Emergy Method in Kazakhstan." Foods 10, no. 7: 1520.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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ACS Style

Wanni Yang; Lin Zhen. Household perceptions of factors that affect food consumption in grassland areas: a case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 115007 .

AMA Style

Wanni Yang, Lin Zhen. Household perceptions of factors that affect food consumption in grassland areas: a case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (11):115007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wanni Yang; Lin Zhen. 2020. "Household perceptions of factors that affect food consumption in grassland areas: a case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 11: 115007.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2020 in Environmental Research Letters
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ACS Style

Qi Luo; Lin Zhen; Yu Xiao; Haiyan Wang. The effects of different types of vegetation restoration on wind erosion prevention: a case study in Yanchi. Environmental Research Letters 2020, 15, 115001 .

AMA Style

Qi Luo, Lin Zhen, Yu Xiao, Haiyan Wang. The effects of different types of vegetation restoration on wind erosion prevention: a case study in Yanchi. Environmental Research Letters. 2020; 15 (11):115001.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi Luo; Lin Zhen; Yu Xiao; Haiyan Wang. 2020. "The effects of different types of vegetation restoration on wind erosion prevention: a case study in Yanchi." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 11: 115001.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Soil erosion and restoration affect the structure and function of ecosystems and society, and have attracted worldwide attention. Changes in runoff and sediment transport after restoration practices in China’s Loess Plateau have been widely studied and many valuable results have been reported. However, this research was mainly conducted in large watersheds, and quantified the effects of restoration practices through the restoration period. In this study, we compared two adjacent watersheds (one restored and the other natural) in a hill and gully region of China’s Loess Plateau to reveal the impacts of restoration practices. We collected annual rainfall, runoff, and sediment transport data from 1988 to 2018, then investigated temporal variation of runoff and sediment transport to examine their relationships with rainfall. We also calculated the retention rate of soil and water under the restoration practices. The restored watershed showed a significantly decreased sediment modulus (the amount per unit area); the natural watershed showed no significant change. In addition, the restored watershed had lower runoff and sediment modulus values than the natural watershed, with greater effectiveness as rainfall increased. Revegetation and terrace construction contributed more to the retention of soil and water (65.6 and 69.7%, respectively) than check dams (<10%). These results improve our understanding of the effects of restoration practices, and provide guidance on ways to preserve soil and water through restoration in a small watershed in the Loess Plateau.

ACS Style

Qi Luo; Lin Zhen; Yunfeng Hu. The Effects of Restoration Practices on a Small Watershed in China’s Loess Plateau: A Case Study of the Qiaozigou Watershed. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8376 .

AMA Style

Qi Luo, Lin Zhen, Yunfeng Hu. The Effects of Restoration Practices on a Small Watershed in China’s Loess Plateau: A Case Study of the Qiaozigou Watershed. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qi Luo; Lin Zhen; Yunfeng Hu. 2020. "The Effects of Restoration Practices on a Small Watershed in China’s Loess Plateau: A Case Study of the Qiaozigou Watershed." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8376.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2020 in Ecosystem Services
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Payments for ecosystem services (PES) have played an increasingly important role in environmental conservation. In line with international trends, a growing number of governmental programs in China are embracing these policy innovations, which were labelled under the broad notion of “eco-compensation”. However, recent research indicates that the understanding of state–civil society and central–local relationships are knowledge gaps in the institutional arrangement of such policies. As one of the most important eco-compensation schemes, the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) is confronting many challenges to incentivise the local actors. In this study we examine the network of actors of the SLCP by focusing on the collaboration of state actor and civil-society actors and develop a typology of local governance models. To find out how different stakeholders perceive the implementation of the program and how they influence each other, we rely on Social Network Analysis (SNA) and a household survey. The results of our case studies in three townships show that local governance models derive and shape the program implementation. A new actor, which never appeared in the official document and previous research, was discovered. We found that local actors and civil-society actors could potentially bring together government and local farmers for up-front negotiations. In order to mediate conflicts, local government, village committees, forest field stations and farmers may be forced to coordinate and ideally deliberate the terms and conditions of implementation and management options. Therefore, for developing further such eco-compensation schemes in rural China, particular attention should be paid to the local actors and their cooperation for the participatory governance.

ACS Style

Cheng Chen; Bettina Matzdorf; Lin Zhen; Barbara Schröter. Social-Network Analysis of local governance models for China's eco-compensation program. Ecosystem Services 2020, 45, 101191 .

AMA Style

Cheng Chen, Bettina Matzdorf, Lin Zhen, Barbara Schröter. Social-Network Analysis of local governance models for China's eco-compensation program. Ecosystem Services. 2020; 45 ():101191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cheng Chen; Bettina Matzdorf; Lin Zhen; Barbara Schröter. 2020. "Social-Network Analysis of local governance models for China's eco-compensation program." Ecosystem Services 45, no. : 101191.

Editorial
Published: 12 May 2020 in Environmental Development
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Lin Zhen; Zengrang Xu; Juanle Wang; Jijun Wang; Yuan Zhao; Shaikh Shamim Hasan. Editorial: Resources use, ecosystem restoration and green development. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100532 .

AMA Style

Lin Zhen, Zengrang Xu, Juanle Wang, Jijun Wang, Yuan Zhao, Shaikh Shamim Hasan. Editorial: Resources use, ecosystem restoration and green development. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100532.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Zhen; Zengrang Xu; Juanle Wang; Jijun Wang; Yuan Zhao; Shaikh Shamim Hasan. 2020. "Editorial: Resources use, ecosystem restoration and green development." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100532.

Review
Published: 19 April 2020 in Environmental Development
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Changes in land use and ecosystem services influence each other and such changes have consequences for human wellbeing. In this paper, we review the research literature on how different types of ecosystem services are affected by LUC, and the consequences for human well-being. We begin with a review of the different types of ecosystem services. We examine the influence of LUC on provisioning ecosystem services due to mismatches between agricultural production and hydrological systems. We continue with a review of the impacts of LUC on supporting ecosystem services through the conversion of an ecosystem to cultivated land, and the resulting changes in soil properties and the hydrological balance. Next, We also discuss the regulating ecosystem services which are affected by LUC and alters water purification processes, as well as the effects on cultural ecosystem services. We conclude with a review of the valuation and quantification of the effects of LUC on the management of ecosystem services, and propose future research directions. Most of the research reveals a negative impact of LUC on ecosystem services, despite research gaps related to methods for valuing ecosystem services more accurately and for collecting social responses to the impacts of LUC on different ecosystem services.

ACS Style

Shaikh Shamim Hasan; Lin Zhen; Giashuddin Miah; Tofayel Ahamed; Abdus Samie. Impact of land use change on ecosystem services: A review. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100527 .

AMA Style

Shaikh Shamim Hasan, Lin Zhen, Giashuddin Miah, Tofayel Ahamed, Abdus Samie. Impact of land use change on ecosystem services: A review. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100527.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shaikh Shamim Hasan; Lin Zhen; Giashuddin Miah; Tofayel Ahamed; Abdus Samie. 2020. "Impact of land use change on ecosystem services: A review." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100527.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2020 in Environmental Development
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Animal husbandry on the Mongolian Plateau is a dynamic human–natural system characterized by complex relationships with the grassland ecosystem. Sustainable use of the plateau's grassland depends on the ability of herders and decision makers to adjust the grazing pattern to adapt to extreme climate events and socioeconomic conditions. Unfortunately, the system's responses and adaptation to these changes are unclear. However, simultaneously studying the natural and human factors will improve the understanding of the adaptations of grazing and the grassland ecosystem. The goal of this comparative study was to reveal the relationship between livestock management and government policy, natural conditions, and socioeconomic conditions near the border between Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In this study, we used spatial and statistical data in the analysis of the dynamics of livestock. (1) China implemented a livestock reduction policy, whereas Mongolia increased livestock through privatization of livestock and the development of an economic market. In addition, Mongolian herders raised more goats. (2) The livestock population was significantly positively correlated with vegetation cover (represented by the normalized difference vegetation index) during years of severe weather in both Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. (3) The goat population was influenced significantly by the export amount in Mongolia, but by the return on investment in Inner Mongolia. (4) The livestock population was only weakly related to the rural population and the number of herder households. Our findings provide a basis for improving grassland and animal management strategies in both countries. Co-management of the grassland and livestock by herders and the government will be needed to balance herder livelihoods with the grassland ecosystem.

ACS Style

Yunjie Wei; Lin Zhen. The dynamics of livestock and its influencing factors on the Mongolian Plateau. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100518 .

AMA Style

Yunjie Wei, Lin Zhen. The dynamics of livestock and its influencing factors on the Mongolian Plateau. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunjie Wei; Lin Zhen. 2020. "The dynamics of livestock and its influencing factors on the Mongolian Plateau." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100518.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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The headwater region of the Yellow River is one the of the most important water source and ecological barrier regions, since it is part of the Three Rivers Headwater Region (the Yangtze, Yellow and Mekong Rivers) which is located in the north eastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and in the upper part of the Yellow River. The ecological environment in this region is fragile and extremely vulnerable, and it provides the ecological security barrier functions of the local and surrounding areas, such as water and soil conservation (Yao et al., 2012), biodiversity conservation (Zhuang et al., 2010), and carbon source/sink capacity (Piao et al., 2009; Li et al., 2013), due to its special alpine and arid climate conditions (Sun et al., 2012). On the one hand, the area of grassland accounts for more than 65%, and the livelihoods of herders rely heavily on the pastures. On the other hand, the local herders are seldom directly involved in ecological environmental protection and decision-making (Shen and Tan, 2012).

ACS Style

Wei Yunjie; Zhen Lin; Du Bingzhen. Effects of Grassland Restoration Approaches in Different Major Function-Oriented Zones of the Headwater Region of the Yellow River in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2020, 11, 150 -158.

AMA Style

Wei Yunjie, Zhen Lin, Du Bingzhen. Effects of Grassland Restoration Approaches in Different Major Function-Oriented Zones of the Headwater Region of the Yellow River in China. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2020; 11 (2):150-158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Yunjie; Zhen Lin; Du Bingzhen. 2020. "Effects of Grassland Restoration Approaches in Different Major Function-Oriented Zones of the Headwater Region of the Yellow River in China." Journal of Resources and Ecology 11, no. 2: 150-158.

Review
Published: 07 January 2020 in Environmental Development
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Soil erosion control practices have been extensively conducted in the Chinese Loess Plateau, which is one of the most severe soil erosion regions in the world. Nevertheless, a comprehensive overview of the effectiveness of these erosion control practices in this region is lacking. Thus, this systematic review examined the use of erosion control practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau. The key question addressed in this paper is: how soil erosion control practices have been used in the Chinese Loess Plateau? The assessment was based on (1) the categories of erosion control practice, (2) the spatial scales conducted by each erosion control practice, and (3) the cost-effectiveness of each erosion control practice. One hundred peer-reviewed papers were selected, and our results highlighted: (1) 57% of the studies, 32% of the studies, and 11% of the studies evaluated the effectiveness or impacts of ecological restoration programs, engineering techniques, and soil management techniques on soil erosion, respectively, but multiple erosion control practices evaluation received a little attention. (2) The watershed scale assessment dominated the published studies (65% of the reviewed papers), followed by plot scale assessments (35% of the reviewed papers), but the cross-scale evaluation has received little attention. (3) Soil erosion control practices have enhanced most of the soil-related ecosystem services but partially damaged water-related ecosystem services. These control practices caused trade-offs between soil erosion control and water provision and synergies between soil erosion control and water use efficiency, water regulation, and crop production. These synergy and trade-off relationships among soil erosion control practices and ecosystem services might be changed as time passes. Then, three recommendations are suggested for future studies: (1) a combination of erosion control practice assessment needs to be developed, (2) a cross-scale assessment needs to be examined, and (3) a rational balance between soil and water conservation needs to be considered.

ACS Style

Xin Wen; Lin Zhen. Soil erosion control practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau: A systematic review. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100493 .

AMA Style

Xin Wen, Lin Zhen. Soil erosion control practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau: A systematic review. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Wen; Lin Zhen. 2020. "Soil erosion control practices in the Chinese Loess Plateau: A systematic review." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100493.

Journal article
Published: 03 January 2020 in Environmental Development
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The deterioration of the global ecological environment has accelerated the degradation of grassland resources, which directly affects the production of livestock resources and the lives of residents in countries or regions that treat products of livestock resources as the main food source. In Kazakhstan, one of the countries facing a serious grass-livestock conflict, maintaining its residents' demand for products of livestock resources is becoming increasingly important. To explore the characteristics of consumption of products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan and the factors that influence the consumption of these products, this paper considers data on products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan and factors such as the economic development of a region, grassland resources utilization, grassland degradation, livestock husbandry, trade balance volumes of product of livestock resources, and population distribution to obtain the following conclusions and implications. First, the most consumed product of livestock resources in Kazakhstan is milk, followed by meat and eggs; beef, in particular, accounted for the highest proportion of all meat. Second, except milk, which showed a continuous increase in consumption, other products of livestock resources showed an upward trend only after 2000, which represented a turning point. Third, the total consumption of products of livestock resources increased progressively from north to south: it is lowest in the typical grasslands, then higher in the semi-desert grasslands, and is greatest in the desert grasslands. Changes in per capita consumption were consistent with the variations in the regional livestock inventories. Fourth, the conflict between consumption and supply in desert grasslands is becoming increasingly severe. To guarantee the dynamic demand of its residents for consumption of products of livestock resources, the Kazakhstan government can make better use of grassland ecosystem resources by adjusting the structure of livestock husbandry, rotating different grasses, and introducing improved grazing animal species in a bid to maintain grassland ecosystem services and improve local residents’ well-being.

ACS Style

Yihang Liang; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yunfeng Hu. Consumption of products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan: Characteristics and influencing factors. Environmental Development 2020, 34, 100492 .

AMA Style

Yihang Liang, Lin Zhen, Changshun Zhang, Yunfeng Hu. Consumption of products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan: Characteristics and influencing factors. Environmental Development. 2020; 34 ():100492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yihang Liang; Lin Zhen; Changshun Zhang; Yunfeng Hu. 2020. "Consumption of products of livestock resources in Kazakhstan: Characteristics and influencing factors." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100492.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2019 in Environmental Development
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Food consumption research is an important part of ecosystem service consumption research. Studying regional food consumption patterns and their dependence on local areas can provide important reference for research on regional resource utilization and sustainable development. The grassland areas selected for this study including a typical pastoral grassland area, a sandyland and an agro-pastoral transition zone in the Xilin Gol Grassland, Inner Mongolia. We analyzed food consumption of rural residents and its dependence on local ecosystems based on a primary (first-hand) household food tracking survey conducted from August 2017 to July 2018, data from a 2017 household questionnaire survey and a local market survey in the study areas in combination with land-use data and socioeconomic data from China. Results showed three distinct food consumption patterns along Xilin Gol Grassland transects. The quantity of per capita food consumption in each typical area decreased from north to south areas, which also showed that the dominant type of food consumption shift from animal to plant food. Moreover, we found that local production can provide local residents with most of the food they require. Local production supply has had an important impact on the food consumption patterns of the local people, while residents had a certain preference for food produced from other external regions, and this demand is gradually increasing. The food consumption demands of residents showed a trend in diversified development. This study could provide empirical reference to policymakers for regional resource management.

ACS Style

Wanni Yang; Lin Zhen; Yunjie Wei. Food consumption and its local dependence: A case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China. Environmental Development 2019, 34, 100470 .

AMA Style

Wanni Yang, Lin Zhen, Yunjie Wei. Food consumption and its local dependence: A case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China. Environmental Development. 2019; 34 ():100470.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wanni Yang; Lin Zhen; Yunjie Wei. 2019. "Food consumption and its local dependence: A case study in the Xilin Gol Grassland, China." Environmental Development 34, no. : 100470.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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With great significance in ecosystem protection and sustainable development, the study of ecosystem service consumption (ESC) has become a hot topic in ecological research. Based on FAOSTAT data, in this study the patterns, composition and evolution of ESC and ecosystem service consumption patterns (ESCP) in the “Belt and Road” were revealed on the total and regional scales, taking consumed-biomass as a main indicator. Three main conclusions were reached. 1) The total ESC was mainly contributed from farmland ecosystems along the “Belt and Road” , followed by grassland ecosystems. The ESC indicators on the whole system scale fluctuated, but increased from year 2000 to year 2016. The total ESC increased from 12911.89 Tg yr–1 to 16810.00 Tg yr–1, and the annual per capita consumption of ecosystem services increased from 3.3228 million g p–1 yr–1 to 3.6392 million g p–1 yr–1. 2) The ESC, composition and evolution varied significantly among countries, zones and ecosystems. The annual per capita ESC was highest in Mongolia on the national scale, and highest in Central and Eastern Europe and lowest in Southeast Asia on zone scale, which represented the results from the joint effects of regional resource endowments, consumption habits, levels of productive forces, and other factors. 3) Higher farmland ESC was the dominant ESCP, which accounted for about 76.7% of the total area along the “Belt and Road”, followed by higher farmland + higher grassland ESC, which accounted for about 19.0% of the total area. The other consumption patterns (i.e., those of higher grassland ESC, higher forestland ESC or higher farmland + higher forest + higher grassland ESC) were found in only a few countries. The ESCP may be related to higher regional population density or the higher proportions of developing countries. Therefore, to realize sustainable social, economic and ecological development, and to improve people's well-being, countries along the “Belt and Road” should take advantage of their own resources in developing industries, actively expand trade, achieve mutual benefits and win-win situations, and adjust and optimize consumption patterns of ecosystem services. This study can provide data support for further research on the mechanism of ESCP formation this area.

ACS Style

Zhang Changshun; Zhen Lin; Liu Chunlan; Liang Yihang. Research on the Patterns and Evolution of Ecosystem Service Consumption in the “Belt and Road”. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019, 10, 621 -631.

AMA Style

Zhang Changshun, Zhen Lin, Liu Chunlan, Liang Yihang. Research on the Patterns and Evolution of Ecosystem Service Consumption in the “Belt and Road”. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2019; 10 (6):621-631.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang Changshun; Zhen Lin; Liu Chunlan; Liang Yihang. 2019. "Research on the Patterns and Evolution of Ecosystem Service Consumption in the “Belt and Road”." Journal of Resources and Ecology 10, no. 6: 621-631.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Food safety is an important issue for the development of the national economy and society. Studying regional food supply and demand from the perspective of land resource carrying capacity can provide new references for regional resource sustainability. This study uses the data from farmer and herdsmen household questionnaires, statistical data, land use data, and other sources to construct a land resource carrying capacity (LCC) assessment framework, targeting the food supply and demand of residents in representative areas, specifically the typical grassland pastoral areas, sandy pastoral areas and agro-pastoral areas on the Xilin Gol grassland transects. The three food nutritional indicators of calories, protein and fat were selected for analyzing the balance of land resource carrying capacity. We found that: 1) Along the Xilin Gol grassland, the main local food supply showed a shift from meat and milk to grains, vegetables and fruits. 2) From north to south along the grassland transects, the calorie intake increased gradually, while the intake of protein and fat was highest in pastoral areas and lowest in agricultural areas. 3) The overall land resource carrying capacity of the Xilin Gol grassland transects was in a surplus state, but the land carrying capacity of typical grassland pastoral area was higher than the two other types of areas. This study provides an empirical reference for the sustainable development of regional food nutrition.

ACS Style

Yang Wanni; Zhen Lin; Luo Qi. Land Resource Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol Grassland Transects: A Perspective on Food Nutritional Demand. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019, 10, 614 -620.

AMA Style

Yang Wanni, Zhen Lin, Luo Qi. Land Resource Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol Grassland Transects: A Perspective on Food Nutritional Demand. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2019; 10 (6):614-620.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang Wanni; Zhen Lin; Luo Qi. 2019. "Land Resource Carrying Capacity in Xilin Gol Grassland Transects: A Perspective on Food Nutritional Demand." Journal of Resources and Ecology 10, no. 6: 614-620.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Since the 1970s, resource crisis, environmental pollution and ecological degradation have become prominent globally, and the limits to growth have always been an important theoretical and policy issue. The technological system of early warning and regulation based on carrying capacity evaluation has great potential in natural resource utilization, environmental management and ecosystem conservation. In this paper, the evolution of carrying capacity research and the concept of ecological carrying capacity are summarized, and the existing evaluation methods of ecological carrying capacity are classified into ecological footprint method, comprehensive index system method, ecosystem service analysis method and human appropriation of net primary productivity method. The current problems in ecological carrying capacity study were analyzed and the trend was outlooked. Combined with the special issue, the recent proceeding of ecological carrying capacity study in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) region was narrated, from the aspects of ecological carrying capacity evaluation method and application, the supply and consumption of ecosystem services, and the resources use and environment change. Some suggestions have been proposed to improve the accuracy and reliability of ecological carrying capacity evaluation: 1) the spatial heterogeneity and temporal dynamic change of ecological carrying capacity should be explored furtherly; 2) the interaction between ecological process and human activities should be simulated; 3) factors such as climate change, human activities and ecological products and ecological service flows should be integrated into the evaluation system of ecological carrying capacity.

ACS Style

Zhen Lin; Xu Zengrang; Zhao Yuan; Wang Jijun; Hu Yunfeng; Wang Juanle. Ecological Carrying Capacity and Green Development in the “Belt and Road” Initiative Region. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019, 10, 569 -573.

AMA Style

Zhen Lin, Xu Zengrang, Zhao Yuan, Wang Jijun, Hu Yunfeng, Wang Juanle. Ecological Carrying Capacity and Green Development in the “Belt and Road” Initiative Region. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2019; 10 (6):569-573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhen Lin; Xu Zengrang; Zhao Yuan; Wang Jijun; Hu Yunfeng; Wang Juanle. 2019. "Ecological Carrying Capacity and Green Development in the “Belt and Road” Initiative Region." Journal of Resources and Ecology 10, no. 6: 569-573.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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The exponential increase of ecosystem utilization has instigated a serious conflict between ecosystem services and residents' needs. The Belt and Road Initiative has greatly influenced Laotian production and living, and the scientific assessment of the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos is important for exploring residents' influence on the ecosystem. Based on data for the Laotian consumption of agricultural products, fruits and livestock products during 1961–2013, normalized by either harvest index or feed conversion ratio, this study draws three main conclusions. 1) Ecosystem service consumption in Laos is centered on the consumption of farmland, forestry and grassland ecosystem services, which account for over 80%, over 10% and under 2%, showing downward, upward and constant trends, respectively. The consumption of these ecosystem services shows a trend of increasing first, then fluctuating, and finally increasing. 2) The consumption of ecosystem services in Laos was characterized by the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” from 1961 to 2008, and the mode of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services” from 2008 to 2013, with a trend of transformation from the former into the latter. 3) The formation and change in the consumption mode of Laotian ecosystem services have been affected by both supply and trade. Laos developed agriculture mainly during the period from 1961 to 2008, forming the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services”. This development benefited from the enriched varieties of imports as well as the increased value of trade and import volume. However, the consumption of ecosystem services in Laos after 2008 changed from the mode of “dominance of consumption of the farmland ecosystem services” to one of “balanced development of consumption of farmland, forest and grassland ecosystem services”. This study provides an empirical reference for research on the consumption of ecosystem services.

ACS Style

Liang Yihang; Zhen Lin; Jia Mengmeng; Hu Yunfeng; Zhang Changshun; Luo Qi. Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019, 10, 641 -648.

AMA Style

Liang Yihang, Zhen Lin, Jia Mengmeng, Hu Yunfeng, Zhang Changshun, Luo Qi. Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2019; 10 (6):641-648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang Yihang; Zhen Lin; Jia Mengmeng; Hu Yunfeng; Zhang Changshun; Luo Qi. 2019. "Consumption of Ecosystem Services in Laos." Journal of Resources and Ecology 10, no. 6: 641-648.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2019 in Journal of Resources and Ecology
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Affected by climate change and policy factors, Kazakhstan is the country with the most severe ecological degradation and grassland conflicts in Central Asia. Therefore, studying the state of grassland carrying resources in Kazakhstan is particularly important for understanding the responses of grassland ecosystems to climate change and human activities. Based on Kazakhstan's remote sensing data and animal husbandry statistics, this study analyzes the patterns of changes in grassland ecosystems in Kazakhstan based on the supply and consumption of these ecosystems. The results show that: 1) From 2003 to 2017, the number of livestock raised in Kazakhstan showed a trend of sustained and steady growth. Due to freezing damage, the scale of livestock farming decreased in 2011, but a spatial difference in the livestock farming structure was not obvious. 2) The fluctuation of grassland supply in Kazakhstan has increased, while the consumption due to animal husbandry has also continued to increase, resulting in an increasing pressure on the grassland carrying capacity. 3) Between 2003 and 2017, the overall grassland carrying status of Kazakhstan have been abundant, but the grassland carrying pressure index has shown a steadily increasing trend, the grassland carrying pressure is growing, and it is mainly determined by grassland productivity. The greater pressure in lower Kyzylorda state, the southern Kazakhstan state of the cultivated land and the northern Kazakhstan state has gradually expanded to include the agro-pastoral zone and the semi-desert zone.

ACS Style

Wen Xin; Yan Huimin; Xie Xiaoping; Du Wengpeng; Lai Chenxi; Zhen Lin. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Pressure in Kazakhstan. Journal of Resources and Ecology 2019, 10, 667 -675.

AMA Style

Wen Xin, Yan Huimin, Xie Xiaoping, Du Wengpeng, Lai Chenxi, Zhen Lin. Temporal and Spatial Dynamics Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Pressure in Kazakhstan. Journal of Resources and Ecology. 2019; 10 (6):667-675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wen Xin; Yan Huimin; Xie Xiaoping; Du Wengpeng; Lai Chenxi; Zhen Lin. 2019. "Temporal and Spatial Dynamics Analysis of Grassland Ecosystem Pressure in Kazakhstan." Journal of Resources and Ecology 10, no. 6: 667-675.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2019 in Science of The Total Environment
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Sustainable land use is a fundamental research field for land use planning. However, regional policymakers often lack access to the theoretical impacts that a land use policy might have on local development, especially in remote agricultural areas. Furthermore, knowledge exchange is important, especially in the context of globalization. This research employed the Framework of Participatory Impact Assessment and household surveys to combine multilevel stakeholders and comprehensively assessed the impacts of different land management scenarios on land use functions (LUFs) and local sustainable development. We completed this comparative study in typical remote agricultural areas in Godagari upazila of Bangladesh, Guyuan of China and Noto of Japan, which all have gradient differences in terms of their economic and social aspects, natural conditions and main land use issues. The selected scenarios were business as usual, increase in agricultural input and reform of rural development mode. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the farmers at the three study sites all showed a decreasing dependence on their land and a relevant level of stress on environmental LUFs, but the rooted reasons were different and even opposing; (2) scenarios with a high aggregate impact on LUFs might not enable a sustainable development model, and the assessment of land management measures should consider the balance among environmental, economic and social dimensions; and (3) land use and management practices should be conducted with consideration of local conditions, and protecting agricultural development and enacting appropriate agricultural reforms could revitalize local agricultural development. The results revealed the demand for location-specific land management practices and underlined the knowledge of agricultural management on an international scale.

ACS Style

Zhichao Xue; Lin Zhen; Giashuddin Miah; Kikuko Shoyama. Impact assessment of land use functions on the sustainable regional development of representative Asian countries – A comparative study in Bangladesh, China and Japan. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 694, 133689 .

AMA Style

Zhichao Xue, Lin Zhen, Giashuddin Miah, Kikuko Shoyama. Impact assessment of land use functions on the sustainable regional development of representative Asian countries – A comparative study in Bangladesh, China and Japan. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 694 ():133689.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhichao Xue; Lin Zhen; Giashuddin Miah; Kikuko Shoyama. 2019. "Impact assessment of land use functions on the sustainable regional development of representative Asian countries – A comparative study in Bangladesh, China and Japan." Science of The Total Environment 694, no. : 133689.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2019 in Sustainability
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Sustainable ecosystem services consumption is of vital importance to the survival and development of human society. How to balance the conflicts between ecosystem protection and ecosystem services consumption by local residents has been a serious challenge, especially in ecologically vulnerable areas. To explore the reasonable ecosystem services consumption approaches of grassland ecosystems for sustainable land system management, this study takes Hulun Buir of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as a case study region and develops an EcoC-G (ecological consumption of grassland) model based on herders’ livelihood behaviors using the agent-based model technique to simulate the dynamics of ecosystem pressure, livestock production, and living quality of herders under different grassland management scenarios over the next 30 years. The EcoC-G model links the supply and consumption of grassland ecosystem services by calculating the ecosystem net primary productivity (NPP) supply and household NPP consumption. The model includes three sub-models, namely, the individual status transferring sub-model, the households’ grassland-use decision sub-model, and the ecosystem pressure sub-model. In accordance with multi-objective grassland management practices, the following four land management scenarios were simulated: (1) baseline scenario, (2) increasing household’s living standard, (3) ecosystem protection, and (4) balancing living standard improvement with the protection of the ecosystem. The result indicates that by focusing on the NPP supply and consumption of the grassland ecosystem, the EcoC-G is capable of simulating the impacts of herders’ livelihood behaviors on grassland ecosystems. If timely grassland management strategies are implemented, it is possible to relieve the ecosystem pressure and improve the livelihood of local herders. The specific scenario simulation results are: (1) Under the current grassland management mode, the pasture could never be overgrazed, and herders could achieve the basic living standard, but the accumulated wealth decreased due to the decline of livestock. (2) With grazing control, herders can accumulate wealth by increasing the breeding amount and reducing the marketing rate, but the ecosystem consumption pressure can reach a maximum of 2.3 times. (3) With strict restrictions on the livestock number, the pressure on the ecosystem decreases; however, herders might not achieve basic living standards. (4) Modest regulation leads to rational ecological consumption intervals, meaning the ecosystem pressure will become stable and herders can gradually accumulate wealth with the achievement of basic living standards in advance.

ACS Style

Huimin Yan; Lihu Pan; Zhichao Xue; Lin Zhen; Xuehong Bai; Yunfeng Hu; He-Qing Huang. Agent-Based Modeling of Sustainable Ecological Consumption for Grasslands: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2261 .

AMA Style

Huimin Yan, Lihu Pan, Zhichao Xue, Lin Zhen, Xuehong Bai, Yunfeng Hu, He-Qing Huang. Agent-Based Modeling of Sustainable Ecological Consumption for Grasslands: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (8):2261.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huimin Yan; Lihu Pan; Zhichao Xue; Lin Zhen; Xuehong Bai; Yunfeng Hu; He-Qing Huang. 2019. "Agent-Based Modeling of Sustainable Ecological Consumption for Grasslands: A Case Study of Inner Mongolia, China." Sustainability 11, no. 8: 2261.