The purpose of this review is to summarize the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of interventions that utilize mobile health (mHealth) technology to promote health behavior changes or improve healthcare services among the Vietnamese population. Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science were used to identify studies published from 2011–2022. Studies utilizing mHealth to promote behavior change and/or improve healthcare services among Vietnamese were included. Studies that included Vietnamese people among other Asians but did not analyze the Vietnamese group separately were excluded. Three independent researchers extracted data using Covidence following PRISMA guidelines. Measures of feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy were synthesized. The ROBINS-I and RoB2 tools were used to evaluate methodological quality. Fourteen articles met inclusion criteria and included 5660 participants. Participants rated high satisfaction, usefulness, and efficacy of mHealth interventions. Short message service was most frequently used to provide health education, support smoking cessation, monitor chronic diseases, provide follow-up, and manage vaccination. Measures of feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy varied across studies; overall findings indicated that mHealth is promising for promoting lifestyle behavior change and improving healthcare services. Cost effectiveness and long-term outcomes of mHealth interventions among the Vietnamese population are unknown and merit further research. Recommendations to integrate mHealth interventions are provided to promote the health of Vietnamese people.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence is rising among Asian Americans, including Vietnamese, and is associated with increasing rates of urbanization, population aging, and overweight/obesity. We examined literature targeting diabetes self-management (DSM) beliefs, practices, and culturally informed interventions specific to Vietnamese adults. Using PRISMA systematic review guidelines, we searched CINAHL, Ovid, and Medline databases for research articles published from 2001 to 2019 examining DSM beliefs, practices, and/or interventions among Vietnamese adults with T2DM and/or family members. Of the 971 articles identified, 12 articles representing 11 studies (N = 2,628) met inclusion criteria. Cultural knowledge and beliefs influence Vietnamese health practices and nutrition-based interventions that infuse traditional dietary norms are common. Two studies incorporated digital technology and community health workers in interventions. Appreciating unique health beliefs and practices of Vietnamese adults is critical to designing and testing culturally congruent interventions. Further research involving community-centered approaches to enhance DSM is warranted.

This study focuses on smoking-cessation strategies for United States (US) Vietnamese individuals, a group with high smoking rates, particularly those with limited English proficiency (LEP). The researchers conducted 16 in-depth interviews with a diverse group of participants, including healthcare professionals, community leaders, and former tobacco users. Data were analyzed using the Phase-Based Model of smoking cessation, resulting in several helpful strategies across the four phases: Motivation, Preparation, Cessation, and Maintenance. Prominent advice for the Motivation Phase included having a strong determination to quit and a reason why, such as protecting loved ones. For the Preparation and Cessation Phases, participants recommended healthy coping mechanisms, avoiding triggers, changing habits, and gradually reducing the number of cigarettes smoked. In the Maintenance Phase, strategies included regular exercise and setting boundaries with other people who smoke. Participants also stressed the importance of social support throughout all four phases. These findings have implications for healthcare providers working with US Vietnamese who smoke, especially those with LEP. By understanding the unique challenges this group faces in accessing smoking-cessation resources, providers can offer tailored support and guidance. Ultimately, this study provides useful strategies for helping US Vietnamese quit smoking, improving their health outcomes and quality of life.

Background: Participating in a Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) program improves self-care behaviors, quality of life, and health outcomes. However, language barriers and cultural differences can hinder participation, leaving many Vietnamese Americans with limited access to DSMES services. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a 3-month Blended Automated Links Augmented by Nurse Call and Engagement (BALANCE) intervention designed to deliver culturally tailored DSMES in the Vietnamese language, with participants monitored for 12 months afterward to assess sustained effects on key outcomes. Methods: An explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used, guided by the Practical, Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) framework. Feasibility and acceptability were measured by the participation rate of eligible clinics and patients, patient message response rate, and retention rate. Focus groups were conducted to assess adoption and sustainability. A pilot single-arm, prospective interventional trial was conducted with a sample of 88 Vietnamese American adults with type 2 diabetes from 10 primary care clinics. Surveys were administered at baseline and every 3 months over 12 months. Repeated measures ANOVA assessed changes in clinical outcomes at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Qualitative data from in-depth interviews and focus groups were thematically analyzed to validate and expand on quantitative findings. Integrated analysis using joint display enabled meta-inferences across data sources. Results: Among 88 participants (mean age 68, SD 9.8; range 35‐86 years), the intervention did not significantly affect glycated hemoglobin A _1c ( P =.63) but led to a statistically and clinically significant reduction in low-density lipoprotein ( P =.001) and improvement in exercise performance ( P =.04). Qualitative data from 45 patient interviews reached data saturation, with 80% (n=36) describing the intervention as “convenient” and “helpful.” Clinic staff (n=18) participated in 3 focus groups and endorsed the intervention as acceptable and feasible. Mixed methods analysis confirmed high feasibility (83% clinic participation and 100% clinic retention) and acceptability (90.9% patient retention). Key barriers to sustainability included limited staffing and supply infrastructure. Conclusions: Intervention feasibility and acceptability were demonstrated but require further refinement to achieve long-term, consistent glycemic control. Findings indicated that clinic staff workload and clinic workflow were key determinants of the study’s feasibility and acceptability. Future research should test BALANCE in a fully powered randomized controlled trial to evaluate intervention effectiveness.