The tremendous growth in online activity and the Internet of Things (IoT) led to an increase in cyberattacks. Malware infiltrated at least one device in almost every household. Various malware detection methods that use shallow or deep IoT techniques were discovered in recent years. Deep learning models with a visualization method are the most commonly and popularly used strategy in most works. This method has the benefit of automatically extracting features, requiring less technical expertise, and using fewer resources during data processing. Training deep learning models that generalize effectively without overfitting is not feasible or appropriate with large datasets and complex architectures. In this paper, a novel ensemble model, Stacked Ensemble—autoencoder, GRU, and MLP or SE-AGM, composed of three light-weight neural network models—autoencoder, GRU, and MLP—that is trained on the 25 essential and encoded extracted features of the benchmark MalImg dataset for classification was proposed. The GRU model was tested for its suitability in malware detection due to its lesser usage in this domain. The proposed model used a concise set of malware features for training and classifying the malware classes, which reduced the time and resource consumption in comparison to other existing models. The novelty lies in the stacked ensemble method where the output of one intermediate model works as input for the next model, thereby refining the features as compared to the general notion of an ensemble approach. Inspiration was drawn from earlier image-based malware detection works and transfer learning ideas. To extract features from the MalImg dataset, a CNN-based transfer learning model that was trained from scratch on domain data was used. Data augmentation was an important step in the image processing stage to investigate its effect on classifying grayscale malware images in the MalImg dataset. SE-AGM outperformed existing approaches on the benchmark MalImg dataset with an average accuracy of 99.43%, demonstrating that our method was on par with or even surpassed them.

Conventional imaging modalities like CT, MRI, and x-ray have become indispensable for medical diagnosis, but continual innovation is required to overcome their limitations in terms of resolution, radiation exposure, and cost. As a leader in automated image analysis, speedier diagnosis, and personalized treatment through the analysis of large datasets and the discovery of hitherto invisible patterns, AI is simply amazing. Other than AI, new imaging modalities like dark-field radiography and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) provide distinct perspectives. Aside from that, visualization tools made possible by 3D printing and virtual reality (VR) are revolutionizing medical imaging. This chapter investigates few Advanced Imaging techniques like photoacoustic imaging, radiomics, photon counting – CT, and dark-field radiography. This review explores these developments' underlying theories, areas of current research interest, and possible uses, emphasizing how they could transform medical imaging in the direction of increased accuracy, earlier diagnosis, and better patient outcomes. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.