Addressing the inadequacy of medical facilities in rural communities and the high number of patients affected by ailments that need to be treated immediately is of prime importance for all countries. The various recent healthcare emergency situations bring out the importance of telemedicine and demand rapid transportation of patients to nearby hospitals with available resources to provide the required medical care. Many current healthcare facilities and ambulances are not equipped to provide real-time risk assessment for each patient and dynamically provide the required medical interventions. This work proposes an IoT-based mobile medical edge (IM²E) node to be integrated with wearable and portable devices for the continuous monitoring of emergency patients transported via ambulances and it delves deeper into the existing challenges, such as (a) a lack of a simplified patient risk scoring system, (b) the need for architecture that enables seamless communication for dynamically varying QoS requirements, and (c)the need for context-aware knowledge regarding the effect of end-to-end delay and the packet loss ratio (PLR) on the real-time monitoring of health risks in emergency patients. The proposed work builds a data path selection model to identify the most effective path through which to route the data packets in an effective manner. The signal-to-noise interference ratio and the fading in the path are chosen to analyze the suitable path for data transmission.

Telemedicine systems are becoming prevalent in today's healthcare scenarios, especially in India where a large portion of the population resides in remote and rural regions where availability of specialty healthcare is scant. Many such telemedicine system implementations can be found in the existing literature. Since critical data are being transmitted over these networks, the reliability of these systems is highly important. This paper discusses about the quality of service (QoS) requirements for achieving reliability for such systems. The paper discusses the importance and acceptance of such rescue vehicles which are equipped with the telemedicine facilities. This involves the role of paramedic assistance, multiple access technologies along with acquisition and remission of vital parameters such as electrocardiogram (ECG), blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR) etc. to a specialist doctor at the remote hospital. A comprehensive survey has been done among the various stakeholders of the proposed system. The paper focuses on the need for the QoS mechanisms in the proposed telemedicine system for the rural rescue and health care emergencies.

Advancement in wireless technologies to improve telemedicine is one of the major goals in recent times. Wireless telemedicine for emergency primary healthcare is a technology which provides mobile healthcare and exchange of medical data from ambulances or rural healthcare centers to hospitals. This helps the hospitals to understand patients' medical condition before they arrive. The idea is to be prepared in advance for hospitals to respond to such cases. This work focuses on creating a vehicular ad hoc network scenario for telemedicine, where an attempt is made to identify an optimal solution using 802.11 networking standard. A vehicle-to-vehicle connection is created which has been evaluated using various node densities by choosing 802.11n, 802.11p and 802.11b with AODV (Ad-Hoc On demand Distance Vector) routing protocol. Constant bit-rate traffic is used between the ambulance and hospital. Validations for the standards are carried out for the parameters PLR (Packet Loss Ratio), delay and throughput considering blood pressure, video and audio transmission. The performance results are analyzed for all three standards based on mobility and varying vehicular speeds. We have compared the results of various parameters for each scenario and attempted to identify the better performing standard. NS3 has been used for simulation in networks, whereas for traffic simulation SUMO (Simulation of Urban Mobility) is used.

A network testbed is a testing environment which facilitates to check the accuracy and the performance of a newly designed network. Network testing can be carried out by using simulators and emulators but the performance of these models is not enough. So, a comparative study was carried out and found that simulators and emulators lack in giving the results that are not accurate when compared to real networks. Therefore, several network testbed combinations comprising of real nodes, simulated nodes and virtual nodes have been proposed. These include network testbed using real systems which comprises of only real nodes, network testbed using xen hypervisor which comprises of a combination of three types of nodes, network testbed using VirtualBox which comprises of two types of nodes and network testbed using simulation which comprises of only simulated nodes are proposed in order to ease the selection of the best network testing methodology based on the scenario and the scale of the newly designed network.

The number and capability of smartphones and its users have skyrocketed, enabling a multitude of technologies and applications to house themselves over these devices. To that end, portable devices such as smartphones can serve scenarios that require the setup of a fast and temporary communications network on the fly, regardless of their locality, which is a perfect use-case for technologies such as Wi-Fi Direct, Bluetooth, etc. With the introduction of Wi-Fi Direct, or Wi-Fi Peer-to-Peer, into the Android platform, Android smartphones can connect to and exchange content over a fast and reliable wireless connection. The objective of this paper is to exploit the group formation capabilities of Wi-Fi P2P to exchange information between multiple groups with no modifications being introduced to the base class files. This supports the creation and use of a network that mimics a multi-hop like network structure, enabling users to transfer information across multiple smartphones running on the Android operating system.

Advancement in communication system has resulted in the increase of services provided by different wireless technologies such as WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), LTE (Long Term Evaluation), WiMAX (World Wide inter-Operability for Microwave Access) etc. In a wireless heterogeneous environment, improved handover process is required to access these different services. VHO (Vertical handover) is very important in providing seamless connection and QoS (Quality of Service) over heterogeneous wireless networks such as WiFi, LTE, WiMAX etc. Heterogeneous wireless networks are widely used in telemedicine area as well. Telemedicine plays a very important role in providing healthcare services to remote areas effectively. Vertical handover mechanism becomes very important in providing seamless connection and QoS to send medical data during the mobility of a telemedicine ambulance. The focus of this paper is on VHO between LTE and WiFi technologies. This paper presents a detailed overview of handover mechanisms based on different parameters, between different combination of technologies and it proposes a new vertical handover algorithm for a telemedicine scenario with LTE and WiFi network technologies. The performance of multiple algorithms has been studied and keeping in mind the shortcomings of these algorithms a new algorithm based on RSS (Received Signal Strength), SNR (Signal-to-noise ratio), delay, power consumption and bandwidth has been proposed.