In the Central region of the Russian Federation, the favorable period for spring field work is short, but extremely important for obtaining the planned harvest. The possibility of tillage is mainly determined by its humidity after snowmelt. For the preparation and adjustment of plans for mechanized work, operational georeferenced information on the hydrological state of the soil in the land-use area is necessary, for which moisture-temperature UAV-metry can be used. Purpose – to evaluate the possibility of using the data obtained by multisensory UAV-s during the survey of agricultural landscapes to identify economically significant hydrological heterogeneity of territories. Agricultural landscapes in the Yuriev-Polsky district of the Vladimir region on gray forest loams and in the Shatura district of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic and podzolic sandy soils were examined. Their significant hydrological heterogeneity has been revealed, including local waterlogged areas with different causes of water stagnation. It is established that the dynamics of the hydrology of fields and the network of country roads are closely related. The use of UAV sensing data will help to eliminate the problem of difficult passage to the fields by carrying out appropriate measures and establishing the correct order of processing of land plots. To obtain the necessary information by agricultural enterprises, interdepartmental cooperation of the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Ecology, the Ministry of Forestry, AVTODOR, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Energy Networks, as well as the use of the “Digital Earth system” is promising. The inclusion of moisture-temperature UAV-s in the production system – a plan for the preparation and conduct of spring field work, opens up new opportunities for their high-quality performance due to the timely identification of risk areas and appropriate adjustments. The priority object of the development application at the first stage should be considered roads – a key factor for rural areas.

The accuracy of mathematical modeling of the hydrological regime for a specific territory is determined by the quality of the digital elevation model (DEM) of this area. A particular challenge is the modeling of floodplain areas with a large number of reservoirs with changing water levels during flood periods. A distinctive feature of such a territory is the complex structure of small channels, vegetation and wetlands. Small changes in topographic elevations can significantly change flood patterns, requiring the construction of a high-precision DEM. Objective – the goal is the analysis of the quality of a digital terrain model based on constructing a system of changing coastlines, processing multispectral satellite images of the area at different time. The software for processing multi-channel satellite images with identification of water bodies in batch mode with subsequent vectorization of coastlines has been created. The possibility of updating altitude data using a set of boundaries of reservoirs using infrared data from the Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8-9 OLI satellites is shown. The critical values of intensities in the infrared channels have been determined, providing the best identification of the boundaries of reservoirs. The construction of geographically referenced boundaries of water bodies can be used to solve various environmental, hydrological and socio-economic problems. In particular, it is proposed to update elevation data for periodically flooded floodplain areas.

A dual-polarization L-band microwave radiometer was developed and tested for remote soil moisture measurement. The tests were conducted to study the possible integration of soil moisture and temperature data obtained by the radiometer into the precision farming system. The purpose of this work is to clarify and substantiate the main technical parameters of a new microwave radiometer for determining moisture content portraits of large areas of agricultural land, based on the analysis of the results of flight tests of dual-polarization microwave radiometric remote soil moisture indicator, which were conducted using a quadrocopter in different regions of the Russian Federation. Crop yields are determined by moisture content in the productive layer of soil. To obtain data on soil moisture at different depths it is necessary to use multi-frequency radiometers. So, the use of a multi-frequency microwave radiometer with wavelengths of 21, 11 and 5.5 cm was justified. The mass of such radiometer should not exceed 5 kg. and dimensions not more than 360x360x60 mm. so that it could be used as a carrier of small class UAV with payload not more than 5 kg. The second sensitivity should be no worse than 0.5 degrees. Continuous operation time from the built-in battery is not less than 3 hours.

The work is devoted to satellite microwave radiometric methods, which are of great scientific and practical interest for studies of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Task: It is to assess the relevance and technological priorities of satellite microwave radiometry in relation to monitoring environmental and climatic processes occurring in forest canopies. The priorities and advantages of using satellite microwave radiometry in studying radiothermal radiation of forest canopies are highlighted. Obstacles in the development of this technology are noted. The results of the study can be used for decision-making in the field of technological renewal and improvement of forest ecosystem analysis processes. The article can also be useful for specialists working in the field of development and implementation of innovative technologies.

This work systematically examines the effect of zirconium additions on the phase transition behavior and microstructural evolution of TiAl(Nb,Mo)B systems subjected to shear deformation under unconstrained self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The study further evaluates the direct correlation between Zr doping levels, microstructural arrangements, and the resulting mechanical behavior of the densified compacts. The experiments focused on a precursor powder blend with the nominal composition of 51.85Ti–43Al–4Nb–1Mo–0.15B (at %) supplemented with 1–3 at % of zirconium. The results demonstrate that introducing Zr during SHS processing promotes the precipitation of a secondary Al₂Zr intermetallic compound, which selectively segregates at the boundaries of the lamellar γ and α₂ colonies. This alloying strategy yields a pronounced enhancement in room-temperature improved crack resistance under contact/indentation conditions and structural damage tolerance. These mechanical enhancements are associated with a synergistic effect, phase transformations, and the precipitation of an Al₂Zr phase, whose volume fraction is governed by the initial Zr concentration. We assumed that the resulting microstructure effectively impedes macrocrack advancement through multi-directional branching and interfacial energy dissipation, thereby effectively preventing brittle failure under indentation loads up to 100 N at room temperature.