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Domoic acid (DA) is a marine-based neurotoxin that, if ingested via tainted shellfish, is associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP). These acute effects of elevated DA exposure in humans have been well described. In contrast, the long-term impacts of lower level, repetitive, presumably safe doses of DA (less than 20 ppm) are minimally known. Since Native Americans (NA) residing in coastal communities of the Pacific NW United States are particularly vulnerable to DA exposure, this study focuses on the long-term, 8-year memory outcome associated with their repeated dietary consumption of the neurotoxin. Measures of razor clam consumption, memory, clerical speed and accuracy, and depression were administered over eight years to 500 randomly selected adult NA men and women ages 18–64. Data were analyzed using GEE analyses taking into consideration the year of study, demographic factors, and instrumentation in examining the association between dietary exposure and outcomes. Findings indicated a significant but small decline in total recall memory within the context of otherwise stable clerical speed and accuracy and depression scores. There is reason to believe that a continuum of memory difficulties may be associated with DA exposure, rather than a unitary ASP syndrome.
Lynn Grattan; Laura Kaddis; J. Tracy; John Morris. Long Term Memory Outcome of Repetitive, Low-Level Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Native Americans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3955 .
AMA StyleLynn Grattan, Laura Kaddis, J. Tracy, John Morris. Long Term Memory Outcome of Repetitive, Low-Level Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Native Americans. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):3955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn Grattan; Laura Kaddis; J. Tracy; John Morris. 2021. "Long Term Memory Outcome of Repetitive, Low-Level Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Native Americans." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 3955.
Domoic acid (DA) is a marine neurotoxin that accumulates in filtering shellfish during harmful algal blooms. A health protection limit of 20 ppm DA in razor clams (RC) has been set based principally upon an episode of acute DA toxicity in humans that included Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning among survivors. The objective of this study was to determine the dose-response relationship between estimated DA exposure through RC consumption and memory loss in Washington state Native Americans from 2005 to 2015. Results from total learning recall (TLR) memory scores were compared before and after the highest DA exposures. A decrease in TLR was related to DA dose (p < 0.01) regardless whether the effect was assumed to be transient or lasting, and whether the dose was expressed as an average daily dose or an average dose per meal. Benchmark dose modeling identified BMDL10 values of 167 ng/kg-day and 2740 ng/kg-meal assuming a transient effect, and 196 ng/kg-day and 2980 ng/kg-meal assuming no recovery of function occurs. These DA dose thresholds for a measurable memory function reduction observed in this study of clam consumers are well below the safe acute dose underpinning the current regulatory DA limit of 20 ppm (ca. 60 μg/kg).
Leah D. Stuchal; Lynn M. Grattan; Kenneth M. Portier; Kelsey A. Kilmon; Lillian Morris Manahan; Stephen M. Roberts; J. Glenn Morris. Dose-response assessment for impaired memory from chronic exposure to domoic acid among native American consumers of razor clams. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 2020, 117, 104759 .
AMA StyleLeah D. Stuchal, Lynn M. Grattan, Kenneth M. Portier, Kelsey A. Kilmon, Lillian Morris Manahan, Stephen M. Roberts, J. Glenn Morris. Dose-response assessment for impaired memory from chronic exposure to domoic acid among native American consumers of razor clams. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 2020; 117 ():104759.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLeah D. Stuchal; Lynn M. Grattan; Kenneth M. Portier; Kelsey A. Kilmon; Lillian Morris Manahan; Stephen M. Roberts; J. Glenn Morris. 2020. "Dose-response assessment for impaired memory from chronic exposure to domoic acid among native American consumers of razor clams." Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 117, no. : 104759.
The impacts of hurricane-related disasters in agricultural communities include extensive losses of fields, orchards, and livestock, the recovery of which could span many years. Agricultural Extension Agents (EAs) try to manage and mitigate these losses, while simultaneously overseeing emergency shelter operations. These non-professional emergency responders face numerous potential stressors, the outcomes of which are minimally known. This study examined the short- and long-term medical and behavioral outcome of 36 University of Florida Agricultural Extension Agents within two months and one year after Hurricane Irma, Florida, USA, taking into consideration personal/home and work-related hurricane impacts. Regression analyses indicated that combined home and work hurricane impacts were associated with greater anxiety, depression, and medical symptoms controlling for age and number of prior hurricane experiences within two months of landfall. One year later, depression symptoms increased as well as the use of negative disengagement coping strategies for which stability of the work environment was protective. The findings suggest that advanced training in emergency response, organization and time management skills, time off and temporary replacement for personally impacted EAs, and workplace stability, including enhanced continuity of operations plans, represent critical elements of health prevention and early intervention for this occupational group.
Lynn M. Grattan; Angela Lindsay; Yuanyuan Liang; Kelsey A. Kilmon; Scott Cohen; Tracy Irani; John Glenn Morris. The Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hurricane Irma on Florida Agricultural Leaders as Early Emergency Responders: The Importance of Workplace Stability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1050 .
AMA StyleLynn M. Grattan, Angela Lindsay, Yuanyuan Liang, Kelsey A. Kilmon, Scott Cohen, Tracy Irani, John Glenn Morris. The Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hurricane Irma on Florida Agricultural Leaders as Early Emergency Responders: The Importance of Workplace Stability. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):1050.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M. Grattan; Angela Lindsay; Yuanyuan Liang; Kelsey A. Kilmon; Scott Cohen; Tracy Irani; John Glenn Morris. 2020. "The Short- and Long-Term Impacts of Hurricane Irma on Florida Agricultural Leaders as Early Emergency Responders: The Importance of Workplace Stability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 1050.
Domoic acid (DA)-producing harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been present at unprecedented geographic extent and duration in recent years causing an increase in contamination of seafood by this common environmental neurotoxin. The toxin is responsible for the neurotoxic illness, amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), that is characterized by gastro-intestinal distress, seizures, memory loss, and death. Established seafood safety regulatory limits of 20 μg DA/g shellfish have been relatively successful at protecting human seafood consumers from short-term high-level exposures and episodes of acute ASP. Significant concerns, however, remain regarding the potential impact of repetitive low-level or chronic DA exposure for which there are no protections. Here, we report the novel discovery of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of chronically-exposed tribal shellfish harvesters from a region where DA is commonly detected at low levels in razor clams year-round. The toxin was also detected in tribal shellfish consumers' urine samples confirming systemic DA exposure via consumption of legally-harvested razor clams. The presence of a DA-specific antibody in the serum of human shellfish consumers confirms long-term chronic DA exposure and may be useful as a diagnostic biomarker in a clinical setting. Adverse effects of chronic low-level DA exposure have been previously documented in laboratory animal studies and tribal razor clam consumers, underscoring the potential clinical impact of such a diagnostic biomarker for protecting human health. The discovery of this type of antibody response to chronic DA exposure has broader implications for other environmental neurotoxins of concern.
Kathi A. Lefebvre; Betsy Jean Yakes; Elizabeth Frame; Preston Kendrick; Sara Shum; Nina Isoherranen; Bridget E. Ferriss; Alison Robertson; Alicia Hendrix; David J. Marcinek; Lynn Grattan. Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor. Toxins 2019, 11, 293 .
AMA StyleKathi A. Lefebvre, Betsy Jean Yakes, Elizabeth Frame, Preston Kendrick, Sara Shum, Nina Isoherranen, Bridget E. Ferriss, Alison Robertson, Alicia Hendrix, David J. Marcinek, Lynn Grattan. Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor. Toxins. 2019; 11 (5):293.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKathi A. Lefebvre; Betsy Jean Yakes; Elizabeth Frame; Preston Kendrick; Sara Shum; Nina Isoherranen; Bridget E. Ferriss; Alison Robertson; Alicia Hendrix; David J. Marcinek; Lynn Grattan. 2019. "Discovery of a Potential Human Serum Biomarker for Chronic Seafood Toxin Exposure Using an SPR Biosensor." Toxins 11, no. 5: 293.
The economic impact of disasters is well known; however, the link between financial loss and behavioral health problems is unknown. Participants included 198 adults of ages 21 to 82, living within 10 miles of the Gulf Coast during the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and were involved in the fishing, harvesting, seafood processing, or service/tourism industries. The functional impact of financial resource loss at 2.5 years post spill was measured using the 26-item Financial Life Events Checklist (FLEC). Individuals responded to financial distress by reducing social events and utility bills and changing food-shopping habits. The FLEC significantly predicted higher drug use (Drug Abuse Screening Test), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), mood problems (Profile of Mood States), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory II) (p values ≤ 0.05) 4.5 years after the spill. This preliminary study supports the notion that the functional impact of financial loss has a long-term impact on behavioral health after an oil spill.
Stacy Buckingham-Howes; Katherine Holmes; J. Glenn Morris; Lynn M. Grattan. Prolonged Financial Distress After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Predicts Behavioral Health. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 2018, 46, 294 -305.
AMA StyleStacy Buckingham-Howes, Katherine Holmes, J. Glenn Morris, Lynn M. Grattan. Prolonged Financial Distress After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Predicts Behavioral Health. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2018; 46 (2):294-305.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStacy Buckingham-Howes; Katherine Holmes; J. Glenn Morris; Lynn M. Grattan. 2018. "Prolonged Financial Distress After the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Predicts Behavioral Health." The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 46, no. 2: 294-305.
Domoic Acid (DA) is a marine-based neurotoxin. Dietary exposure to high levels of DA via shellfish consumption has been associated with Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, with milder memory decrements found in Native Americans (NAs) with repetitive, lower level exposures. Despite its importance for protective action, the clinical relevance of these milder memory problems remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether repeated, lower-level exposures to DA impact everyday memory (EM), i.e., the frequency of memory failures in everyday life. A cross-sectional sample of 60 NA men and women from the Pacific NW was studied with measures of dietary exposure to DA via razor clam (RC) consumption and EM. Findings indicated an association between problems with EM and elevated consumption of RCs with low levels of DA throughout the previous week and past year after controlling for age, sex, and education. NAs who eat a lot of RCs with presumably safe levels of DA are at risk for clinically significant memory problems. Public health outreach to minimize repetitive exposures are now in place and were facilitated by the use of community-based participatory research methods, with active involvement of state regulatory agencies, tribe leaders, and local physicians.
Lynn M. Grattan; Carol J. Boushey; Yuanyuan Liang; Kathi A. Lefebvre; Laura J. Castellon; Kelsey A. Roberts; Alexandra C. Toben; J. G. Morris. Repeated Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Domoic Acid and Problems with Everyday Memory: Research to Public Health Outreach. Toxins 2018, 10, 103 .
AMA StyleLynn M. Grattan, Carol J. Boushey, Yuanyuan Liang, Kathi A. Lefebvre, Laura J. Castellon, Kelsey A. Roberts, Alexandra C. Toben, J. G. Morris. Repeated Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Domoic Acid and Problems with Everyday Memory: Research to Public Health Outreach. Toxins. 2018; 10 (3):103.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M. Grattan; Carol J. Boushey; Yuanyuan Liang; Kathi A. Lefebvre; Laura J. Castellon; Kelsey A. Roberts; Alexandra C. Toben; J. G. Morris. 2018. "Repeated Dietary Exposure to Low Levels of Domoic Acid and Problems with Everyday Memory: Research to Public Health Outreach." Toxins 10, no. 3: 103.
Purpose The psychological and behavioral consequences of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster were among the most widespread, long term, and costly of all oil spill-related disasters. However, many people were resilient, and understanding the factors associated with resilience in the immediate aftermath of this disaster are needed to guide early interventions. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach In total, 133 adults from the Northeast Gulf Coast participated in a study of mental health outcomes during the oil spill and one year later. Participants completed a battery of measures that assessed their basic demographics, income status, perceived environmental risk (i.e. characteristic way people think about and interpret environmental risks), self-reported resilience (i.e. ability to “bounce back” after a disaster), and mental health status. Findings Results of univariate analyses indicated similar, elevated levels of mental health problems at both time points; however, environmental risk perception was higher one year post-spill than during the spill. In multivariate analyses, income stability, increased time, higher self-reported resilience, and lower environmental risk perception were associated with better mental health outcomes while age and gender had no association. Originality/value Oil spills are protracted disasters, and better mental health outcomes are linked to financial stability, as well as a belief in environmental restoration and one’s own capacity for resilience. Since resilience and environmental worry are potentially modifiable processes, they might be targeted in prevention and early intervention efforts in order to create more robust, prepared individuals in the face of an oil spill disaster.
Lynn M. Grattan; Babette Brumback; Sparkle M. Roberts; Stacy Buckingham-Howes; Alexandra C. Toben; Glenn Morris. “Bouncing back” after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 2017, 26, 122 -133.
AMA StyleLynn M. Grattan, Babette Brumback, Sparkle M. Roberts, Stacy Buckingham-Howes, Alexandra C. Toben, Glenn Morris. “Bouncing back” after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal. 2017; 26 (2):122-133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M. Grattan; Babette Brumback; Sparkle M. Roberts; Stacy Buckingham-Howes; Alexandra C. Toben; Glenn Morris. 2017. "“Bouncing back” after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 26, no. 2: 122-133.
On the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences we reflect on how environmental research incorporating community members as active partners has evolved, benefited communities and advanced environmental health research. We highlight the commitment to community partnerships in the aftermath of the 2010 Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill, and how that commitment helped improve science. We provide examples of community-academic partnerships across the engagement spectrum. Finally, we offer suggestions to improve the community engagement in order to cultivate more long partnerships and better scientific research.
Maureen Lichtveld; Bernard Goldstein; Lynn Grattan; Christopher Mundorf. Then and now: lessons learned from community- academic partnerships in environmental health research. Environmental Health 2016, 15, 117 .
AMA StyleMaureen Lichtveld, Bernard Goldstein, Lynn Grattan, Christopher Mundorf. Then and now: lessons learned from community- academic partnerships in environmental health research. Environmental Health. 2016; 15 (1):117.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaureen Lichtveld; Bernard Goldstein; Lynn Grattan; Christopher Mundorf. 2016. "Then and now: lessons learned from community- academic partnerships in environmental health research." Environmental Health 15, no. 1: 117.
Kate Tracy; Carol J Boushey; Sparkle M Roberts; J Glenn Morris; Lynn M Grattan. Communities advancing the studies of Tribal nations across their lifespan: Design, methods, and baseline of the CoASTAL cohort. Harmful Algae 2016, 57, 9 -19.
AMA StyleKate Tracy, Carol J Boushey, Sparkle M Roberts, J Glenn Morris, Lynn M Grattan. Communities advancing the studies of Tribal nations across their lifespan: Design, methods, and baseline of the CoASTAL cohort. Harmful Algae. 2016; 57 ():9-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKate Tracy; Carol J Boushey; Sparkle M Roberts; J Glenn Morris; Lynn M Grattan. 2016. "Communities advancing the studies of Tribal nations across their lifespan: Design, methods, and baseline of the CoASTAL cohort." Harmful Algae 57, no. : 9-19.
Maria-Cecilia Lopez; Ricardo F Ungaro; Henry V Baker; Lyle L Moldawer; Alison Robertson; Margaret Abbott; Sparkle M Roberts; Lynn M Grattan; J Glenn Morris. Gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent ciguatera fish poisoning: Preliminary studies. Harmful Algae 2016, 57, 35 -38.
AMA StyleMaria-Cecilia Lopez, Ricardo F Ungaro, Henry V Baker, Lyle L Moldawer, Alison Robertson, Margaret Abbott, Sparkle M Roberts, Lynn M Grattan, J Glenn Morris. Gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent ciguatera fish poisoning: Preliminary studies. Harmful Algae. 2016; 57 ():35-38.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria-Cecilia Lopez; Ricardo F Ungaro; Henry V Baker; Lyle L Moldawer; Alison Robertson; Margaret Abbott; Sparkle M Roberts; Lynn M Grattan; J Glenn Morris. 2016. "Gene expression patterns in peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent ciguatera fish poisoning: Preliminary studies." Harmful Algae 57, no. : 35-38.
Sparkle M Roberts; Lynn M Grattan; Alexandra C Toben; Christina Ausherman; Vera L Trainer; Kate Tracy; J Glenn Morris. Perception of risk for domoic acid related health problems: A cross-cultural study. Harmful Algae 2016, 57, 39 -44.
AMA StyleSparkle M Roberts, Lynn M Grattan, Alexandra C Toben, Christina Ausherman, Vera L Trainer, Kate Tracy, J Glenn Morris. Perception of risk for domoic acid related health problems: A cross-cultural study. Harmful Algae. 2016; 57 ():39-44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSparkle M Roberts; Lynn M Grattan; Alexandra C Toben; Christina Ausherman; Vera L Trainer; Kate Tracy; J Glenn Morris. 2016. "Perception of risk for domoic acid related health problems: A cross-cultural study." Harmful Algae 57, no. : 39-44.
Lynn M Grattan; Carol Boushey; Kate Tracy; Vera L Trainer; Sparkle M Roberts; Nicolas Schluterman; J Glenn Morris. The association between razor clam consumption and memory in the CoASTAL cohort. Harmful Algae 2016, 57, 20 -25.
AMA StyleLynn M Grattan, Carol Boushey, Kate Tracy, Vera L Trainer, Sparkle M Roberts, Nicolas Schluterman, J Glenn Morris. The association between razor clam consumption and memory in the CoASTAL cohort. Harmful Algae. 2016; 57 ():20-25.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M Grattan; Carol Boushey; Kate Tracy; Vera L Trainer; Sparkle M Roberts; Nicolas Schluterman; J Glenn Morris. 2016. "The association between razor clam consumption and memory in the CoASTAL cohort." Harmful Algae 57, no. : 20-25.
Lynn M Grattan; Sailor Holobaugh; J Glenn Morris. Harmful algal blooms and public health. Harmful Algae 2016, 57, 2 -8.
AMA StyleLynn M Grattan, Sailor Holobaugh, J Glenn Morris. Harmful algal blooms and public health. Harmful Algae. 2016; 57 ():2-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M Grattan; Sailor Holobaugh; J Glenn Morris. 2016. "Harmful algal blooms and public health." Harmful Algae 57, no. : 2-8.
A number of governmental agencies have called for enhancing citizens’ resilience as a means of preparing populations in advance of disasters, and as a counterbalance to social and individual vulnerabilities. This increasing scholarly, policy, and programmatic interest in promoting individual and communal resilience presents a challenge to the research and practice communities: to develop a translational framework that can accommodate multidisciplinary scientific perspectives into a single, applied model. The Resilience Activation Framework provides a basis for testing how access to social resources, such as formal and informal social support and help, promotes positive adaptation or reduced psychopathology among individuals and communities exposed to the acute collective stressors associated with disasters, whether human-made, natural, or technological in origin. Articulating the mechanisms by which access to social resources activate and sustain resilience capacities for optimal mental health outcomes post-disaster can lead to the development of effective preventive and early intervention programs.
David M. Abramson; Lynn M. Grattan; Brian Mayer; Craig E. Colten; Farah A. Arosemena; Ariane Bedimo-Rung; Maureen Lichtveld. The Resilience Activation Framework: a Conceptual Model of How Access to Social Resources Promotes Adaptation and Rapid Recovery in Post-disaster Settings. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 2014, 42, 42 -57.
AMA StyleDavid M. Abramson, Lynn M. Grattan, Brian Mayer, Craig E. Colten, Farah A. Arosemena, Ariane Bedimo-Rung, Maureen Lichtveld. The Resilience Activation Framework: a Conceptual Model of How Access to Social Resources Promotes Adaptation and Rapid Recovery in Post-disaster Settings. The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research. 2014; 42 (1):42-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid M. Abramson; Lynn M. Grattan; Brian Mayer; Craig E. Colten; Farah A. Arosemena; Ariane Bedimo-Rung; Maureen Lichtveld. 2014. "The Resilience Activation Framework: a Conceptual Model of How Access to Social Resources Promotes Adaptation and Rapid Recovery in Post-disaster Settings." The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 42, no. 1: 42-57.
David Oldach; Lynn M. Grattan; J. Glenn Morris. Pfiesteria piscicida and Human Health. Emerging Infections 3 2014, 135 -151.
AMA StyleDavid Oldach, Lynn M. Grattan, J. Glenn Morris. Pfiesteria piscicida and Human Health. Emerging Infections 3. 2014; ():135-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Oldach; Lynn M. Grattan; J. Glenn Morris. 2014. "Pfiesteria piscicida and Human Health." Emerging Infections 3 , no. : 135-151.
Lynn M. Grattan; David Oldach; J. Glenn Morris. Human Health Risks of Exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida. BioScience 2001, 51, 853 .
AMA StyleLynn M. Grattan, David Oldach, J. Glenn Morris. Human Health Risks of Exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida. BioScience. 2001; 51 (10):853.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLynn M. Grattan; David Oldach; J. Glenn Morris. 2001. "Human Health Risks of Exposure to Pfiesteria piscicida." BioScience 51, no. 10: 853.