Climate change poses a great challenge to food security, particularly in developing nations where important food crops such as rice and wheat have been grown in large quantities. The study investigates food security using an integrated approach, which comprises forecasting future rice production using the AquaCrop model and demand for rice using an economic model. The proposed approach was evaluated in the Cauvery delta zone in the eastern part of Tamil Nadu, which is a major rice-growing hotspot in peninsular India. Our results showed that the future rice productivity of the Cauvery delta region would be reduced by 35% between 2021 and 2040 and by 16% between 2041 and 2050. However, the supply–demand gap addressing food security in the Cauvery delta zone is positive for the future, as evidenced by the availability of surplus rice of 0.39 million tonnes for the period 2021–2030 and 0.23 million tonnes and 0.35 million tonnes for the periods 2031–2040 and 2041–2050, respectively. Nevertheless, as the neighboring regions are relying on rice production from the Cauvery delta, this surplus rice production is potentially not sufficient to meet the demand of the state as a whole, which suggests climate change may pose a severe threat to the food security of the Tamil Nadu State. These findings emphasize the necessity of performing regional-level food security assessments with a focus on developing location-specific policy options to mitigate the adverse effects of climate-induced anomalies on food security.

Climate variability and extremes adversely affect the agricultural production system, food security, livestock sector, and water resources. With the cumulative effects of climate variability, there is a need to anticipate and develop appropriate adaptation strategies to cope with changing climatic conditions. It is necessary to study the adaptation strategies that are to be followed for climate change to examine the ability of vulnerable communities and people, frequently affected by drought and other climate-related risks, to adapt to climate change impacts. Hence, the present study examined the determinants of various climate change adaptation strategies followed by farmers as a measure to face climate variability, which will be ultimately beneficial and enlightening to policymakers to gain knowledge about the measures to be taken to mitigate the impact of climate change. The study was undertaken using data collected from 105 farm households with an organized pre-tested interview schedule in the central agro-climatic zone of Afghanistan. The multivariate probit econometric model was used to analyze the factors responsible for major adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of climate change. The key findings of the model indicated that the probability of educated farmers migrating to the non-agricultural sector for employment has increased by 1.3 percent, and those who have more land area have adopted a reduction in irrigation by 5.2 percent as an adaptive mechanism. The study also found that having access to technical guidance from extension officials increased the likelihood of farmers changing their cropping pattern by 18.6 percent and of diversifying their farms by 19.2 percent. On the other hand, expert guidance reduced the likelihood of drilling new bore wells by 20.5 percentage points and decreased the probability of selling livestock by 10.8 percentage points. The results of the study provide policy insights to improve the ability of farmers to modify their practices through improvement in extension services, irrigation infrastructure facilities, watershed development, and climate-resilient agricultural systems.

This research investigates the transformative role of digital agri-tech startups in optimizing vegetable supply chains in Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India, with an emphasis on improving agricultural productivity and farmer welfare. Despite a marked 45% decline in agri-tech sector investments between the financial years 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, attributed to global interest rate hikes and economic uncertainties, startups such as WayCool, Farmers Fresh Zone and Farm again have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing supply chain efficiency and supporting farmer livelihoods through technological innovations. Employing a mixed-methods approach, this study integrates both qualitative and quantitative data derived from surveys, field visits, and interviews. Key performance indicators analyzed include Price Spread, Marketing Efficiency, Cost-Benefit Ratio and Productivity. Advanced econometric tools, including logistic regression and propensity score matching, were used to assess the impact of technology adoption on farmers’ outcomes. The results reveal that farmers utilizing digital platforms for crops such as onion and tomato achieved higher market prices, improved marketing efficiency and superior financial performance compared to those employing the conventional methods. Despite persisting challenges like resistance to technology adoption and inadequate internet connectivity, the findings emphasize the potential for substantial growth in the sector, driven by technological innovations. The study emphasizes the need to develop user friendly digital platforms, strengthen internet and technological infrastructure, and enhance government support through financial incentives and clear policy frameworks to encourage the broader use of agri-tech solutions. Overall, the research highlights the significant potential of digital agricultural technologies to improve farming practices, increase farmer earnings, and serve as a model that can be adapted to similar agricultural regions.

Turmeric, a golden spice obtained from the rhizome of the plant Curcuma longa, has been used to give color and taste to food preparations since ancient times. to increase the productivity of turmeric it’s essential to know the resource use efficiency of turmeric. Hence, the present study has taken up with the objective of to analyze the factors affecting yield of turmeric and study the factor use efficiency in turmeric. The study is based on the primary data collected from Erode district of Tamil Nadu. The primary data required for the study were collected through personal interview with the help of a comprehensive interview schedule. Results showed that 96 per cent of the variation in the dependent variable was explained by the independent variables selected for the study. The variables labour and irrigation were significant at one per cent level of probability. The variables quantity of rhizome, quantity of organic manure and quantity of inorganic fertilizer were significant at five per cent level of probability.

Globally Indian chillies dominates the international chilli market. India holds the title for being the world's biggest producer, consumer, and exporter of chili. Indian chilli is considered to be world-famous for important commercial qualities of colour and pungency levels. In Tamil Nadu chilli is being cultivated as rainfed and irrigated conditions in many of the districts. In 2021-22 Tamil Nadu cultivated chilli in 0.5 lakh ha and produced 26,380 MT. In Tamil Nadu Ramanthapuram district alone cultivate Mundu type chilli which is unique in nature. In this study, economics of ramanathapuram mundu chilli is analyzed and discussed. The study uses both primary data and secondary data. Primary data collected from chillies cultivators in Ramanthapuram district during 2019-20. Based on the secondary data Kadaladi, Paramakudi and Ramnad blocks were purposively selected based on the area cultivated. The primary data with respect to costs and returns, marketing cost were collected using pre tested schedule through personnel interview method. Data pertaining to traders, processors retailers and exporters were also collected. The study says that chilli farmers incurs Rs.84,550 per hectare to cultivate mundu chilli in Ramanathapuram district and Rs.55,450 as net return and the BCR is 1.65.