Nutrient availability plays a crucial role in microalgae growth in domestic wastewater. In this study, we investigated the impact of different nitrogen and phosphorus ratios (5:1, 10:1, and 20:1, m∙m⁻¹), and the addition of inorganic carbon on microalgae growth and nutrient uptake from domestic wastewater. Microalgae biomass achieved values ranging from 0.54 to 1.41 g·L⁻¹. The cultivation process had maximum removal efficiencies of 83.7% for soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD), 74.0% for total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), and 100.0% for ammonia (NH₃) and orthophosphate (PO₄³⁻). All the NH₃ and PO₄³⁻ concentrations from domestic wastewater without supplementation were completely removed on the fourth day of cultivation. Moreover, no significant differences in microalgae growth, and NH₃ and PO₄³⁻ removals were observed between the conditions with and without nutrient supplementation on the fourth day of cultivation. This study has shown the feasibility of growing microalgae in domestic wastewater without any nutritional supplementation. Further investigations are required to check the long-term performance, energy requirements, and economic viability of this system for wastewater treatment and the production of nutrient-rich biomass for agricultural applications.