We carried out a meta-analysis on the effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) on cardiopulmonary function after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Four databases were searched for studies comparing CR with control. A random-effects model was used to pool mean difference (MD). The meta-analysis showed an increase in peak oxygen consumption (peak VO₂) (MD = 1.93 mL/kg/min, p = 0.0006), and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) (MD = 59.21 m, p < 0.00001), and a decrease in resting heart rate (resting HR) (MD = 5.68 bpm, p < 0.0001) in the CR group. The subgroup analysis revealed aerobic exercise could further improve resting HR and peak HR, and physical/combination with aerobic exercise could further increase 6MWD. The improvement of peak VO₂, workload, resting HR, peak HR, and 6MWD regarding CR performed within one week after CABG is greater than that one week after CABG. CR after CABG can improve the cardiopulmonary function, which is reflected by the improvement of peak VO₂, 6MWD, and resting HR.

Heart failure represents the terminal stage of cardiovascular disease, with cardiac remodeling as a key pathological feature. As a core circadian clock gene, brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator‐like 1 (BMAL1) not only regulates circadian rhythms but also plays a critical role in cardiac remodeling. Studies have shown that BMAL1 deficiency leads to myocardial metabolic dysfunction, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, activation of the inflammatory response, fibrosis, and impaired cardiac function, thereby promoting the onset and progression of heart failure. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which BMAL1 influences heart failure, with a focus on its regulatory roles in metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. Furthermore, we explore clinical translational potential and future prospects of correcting circadian rhythm disruption and chronotherapy in heart failure, aiming to provide new insights and directions for its treatment.