The prospective activity of incensole acetate (IA) identified and isolated from Catharanthus roseus essential oil and the anticancer potential of an IA biosynthesized nanoemulsion against DMBA induced breast cancer markers was investigated.

Background: H. pylori is recognized as one of the main causes of gastric cancer, and this type of cancer is considered as one of the leading diseases causing cancer deaths all over the world.

Nanotechnology has revolutionized the drug delivery approaches to improve the existing issues of conventional drug delivery systems, especially, the green synthesis of nanoparticles is becoming more suitable for different activities. In this study, phyto-fabricated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were synthesized using Zanthoxylum armatum aqueous extract. GNPs were characterized by different techniques using UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UV-Vis spectroscopy showed peak at 550 nm. XRD confirmed the crystalline nature of nanoparticles. FTIR showed presence of different functional groups such as C–O, N–H, C═O, C–H, and O–H. SEM and DLS have shown particle size of 30 nm. The antibacterial activity of plant extract and green synthesized GNP were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumonia which revealed remarkable inhibition of these microorganisms. Burn wound was created on 16 rats and randomized into four groups. Group I was untreated. Group II rats were treated by applying topical ointment cream. Group III rats were treated by applying Zanthoxylum armatum cream, and group IV rats were treated by applying GNPs-based cream. Treatment was carried out for 14 days. Wounds treated with GNPs-based cream decreased consistently and almost completely. It can be concluded that GNPs-based cream can be used as an ointment to treat wounds especially burn wounds.

As natural chemicals may have fewer side effects than conventional medicines, their usage in cancer treatment is becoming more popular. Nanoformulations have been the focus of recent developments to increase the anticancer potential of phytocompounds or pure isolated components. To evaluate the anticancer potential of silver nitrate nanoparticles (AgNPs), essential oil (EO) from Catharanthus roseus was extracted, a terpene compound was isolated and incensole acetate (IA)-mediated silver nanoparticles (IA-AgNPs) were synthesized. The anticancer potential of biosynthesized IA-AgNPs was assessed using a rat mammary tumor model induced by 9,10-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectroscopy, size determination, and dynamic light scattering were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles (NPs). To ascertain the bioactive potential of the prepared IA-AgNPs, tests for cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, stress marker analysis, and histopathology were performed. The study's findings showed that among DMBA-induced rats, IA-AgNPs markedly improved some oxidative stress enzyme levels, and upregulated TPX2 gene expression. IA-AgNPs demonstrated effective cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines. The anticancer potential was observed by improved levels of antioxidant enzymes. Significant improvements in cancer-induced tissues were found by histopathological investigation, validating the IA-AgNPs' therapeutic effectiveness. In conclusion, the results indicate that TPX2 gene expression in the DMBA-induced breast cancer (BC) model is altered by biosynthesized silver nitrate NPs. The combined findings highlight IA-AgNPs' promise as a cutting-edge, targeted nanotherapeutic strategy with improved efficacy in treating cancer parameters compared to traditional therapies.