Background: The uptake and acceptance of the influenza vaccine (IV) among pregnant women remain unknown in Tunisia despite the increased influenza-related complications and death. The present study aimed to assess the IV uptake and acceptability and to describe related knowledge and attitudes among pregnant women in Tunisia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 84 Tunisian healthcare facilities over a period of three months (from March to May 2019). All pregnant women aged ≥18 years who sought antenatal care in related health structures were included in this study based on a multistage self-weighted sampling. We measured knowledge and attitudes towards the IV and assessed factors related to willingness for its uptake. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 1157 pregnant women. More than half of the participants (60.2%; 95% confidence interval [CI] [57.3%–63.0%]) reported awareness about the IV. Among included PW, only 4.6%; 95% CI [3.5%–6.1%] received it during their current pregnancy. However, (36.8%; 95% CI [34.0%–39.6%]) declared their willingness to receive the vaccine in the next pregnancy. Recommendation by healthcare providers, identified to be the most trustful source of information, was the main reason for acceptance. However, the intention to accept the IV by pregnant women was significantly associated with such recommendation and perceived safety and effectiveness of this vaccine. Conclusion: Antenatal care visits are a precious opportunity that should not be missed by health care providers and especially gynecologists to promote the IV uptake by pregnant women in Tunisia.

INTRODUCTION: Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de décrire le profil clinique et épidémiologique des décès COVID-19 en Tunisie notifié à l´ONMNE (Observatoire National des Maladies Nouvelles et Émergentes) entre le 02 Mars 2020 et le 28 Février 2021 et de comparer la mortalité COVID-19 enregistrée en Tunisie aux données internationales. METHODES: Nous avons mené une étude nationale descriptive longitudinale prospective auprès des données colligées à travers le système national de surveillance de l´infection au SARS-CoV-2 de l´ONMNE, Ministère de la Santé. Tous les décès COVID-19 survenus en Tunisie entre Mars 2020 et Février 2021 ont été inclus dans cette étude. Les données ont été colligées auprès des structures hospitalières, des municipalités et des directions régionales de la santé. Les notifications des décès ont été collectées à travers différentes sources d´information (méthode de triangulation) : Les directions régionales de santé, Le ShocRoom (Strategic Health Operations Center ou Centre stratégique d´opérations sanitaires), Les structures sanitaires publiques et privés, la Cellule de Crise de la Présidence du Gouvernement, La Direction d´Hygiène et de protection de l´Environnement, le Ministère des Affaires Locales et de l´Environnement, Dans le cadre de suivi des cas confirmés par l´équipe de l´ONMNE, les résultats RT-PCR / TDR positifs en post mortem. RESULTATS: Durant la période de l´étude, 8051 décès ont été enregistrés soit une mortalité proportionnelle de 10,4%. L´âge médian était de 73 ans avec un intervalle interquartile de 17 ans. Le sex-ratio (M/F) était de 1,8. Le taux brut de mortalité était de 69,1/100 000 habitants et la létalité était de 3,5%. L´étude de la courbe épidémique a montré 2 pics de décès le 29 Octobre 2020 et le 22 Janvier 2021 avec respectivement 70 et 86 décès notifiés. La distribution spatiale des décès a montré que la région du Sud tunisien avait enregistré le taux de mortalité le plus élevé. Les patients âgés de 65 ans et plus étaient les plus concernés (73,7% des cas) avec un taux brut de mortalité de 570,9/100 000 habitants et une létalité de 13,7%. CONCLUSION: La stratégie de prévention basée sur les mesures de santé publique doit être renforcées par le déploiement rapide de la vaccination anti-COVID-19 surtout pour les populations à risque de décès.

Due to the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 (Alpha) variant in the UK in 2020 and its risk of increased transmission, the Ministry of Health in Tunisia implemented a sequencing surveillance strategy for SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to analyze SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance data in Tunisia (January 2021–February 2022) and to assess the implementation of the sequencing strategy for SARS-CoV-2 in accordance with national recommendations and the guidance for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance for public health goals. A descriptive study of all sequenced RT-PCR samples sequenced (January 2021–February2022). An internal audit was also done to assess the compliance against standards covering national recommendations and the Guidance for SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance for public health goals. A total of 12 simple or composite requirements related to the following areas were included in the audit standards: sampling (one requirements); data collection/analysis (six requirements); partnership (one requirement); and ethical considerations (one requirement). A total of 4819 samples were sent to laboratories and 4278 samples were sequenced. A total of 3648 samples were classified. Positive variants of concern (VOC) samples were 80.92%, differentiated as follows: Alpha, 40.24%; Beta, 0.24%; Gamma, 0.03%; Delta, 45.26%; and Omicron, 14.19%. Three principal phases of VOCs per ISO-week were shown: Alpha 3/2021–25/2021; Delta 26/2021–2/2022; and Omicron 3/2022–6/2022. Levels of compliance were identified; from a total of 12 requirements, 7 were considered as “not met”, 4 as “partially met”, and 1 as “fully met” but including not totally achieved objectives. In conclusion, the internal audit of the national SARS-CoV-2 sequencing strategy revealed an overall “not met” level of compliance. The results offered a trigger to collaborate with all stakeholders to develop a surveillance strategy for early detection and response to outbreaks caused by VOCs.

The extent of the SARS-CoV-2 circulation and the COVID-19 epidemic in Tunisia three months after virus circulation was unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of SARS-CoV-2 infection among household contacts of confirmed COVID-19 cases living in Hot spot areas of Great Tunis, Tunisia by estimating the seroprevalence of antibodies anti SARS-CoV-2 and to identify factors associated to seroprevalence at the first stage of the pandemic in order to guide decision making and to constitute a baseline for further longitudinal analysis of protective immunity to SARS-CoV-2. The National Observatory of New and Emerging Diseases (ONMNE), Ministry of Health Tunisia (MoH), with the support of the Office of the World Health Organization Representative in Tunisia and the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean (EMRO)), conducted a household cross-sectional survey on April 2020 in Great Tunis (Tunis, Ariana, Manouba and Ben Arous). The study was based on the WHO seroepidemiological investigation protocol for SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies (IgG and IgM) were qualitatively detected using a lateral immunoassay that detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein and administered by the interviewers. The included subjects were confirmed COVID-19 cases and their households contacts resided in hot spot areas (cumulative incidence rate ≥ 10 cases/100,000 inhabitants) of Great Tunis. Results: In total, 1165 subjects were enrolled: 116 confirmed COVID-19 cases (43 active cases and 73 convalescents cases) and 1049 household contacts resided in 291 households. The median age of participants was 39.0 with 31 years’ interquartile range (Min = 8 months; Max = 96 years). The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.98. Twenty-nine per cent of participants resided in Tunis. The global crude seroprevalence among household contacts was 2.5% (26/1049); 95% CI 1.6–3.6%, 4.8%; 95% CI 2.3–8.7% in Ariana governorate and 0.3%; 95% CI 0.01%–1.8% in Manouba governorate. In multivariate analysis, the associated factors independently related to seroprevalence were age ≥25 years (aOR = 5.1; 95% CI 1.2–22.0), history of travel outside Tunisia since January 2020 (aOR = 4.6; 95% CI 1.7–12.9), symptomatic illness in the previous four months (aOR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.4–9.0) and governorate of residence (p = 0.02). The low seroprevalence estimated among household contacts in Great Tunis reflect the effect of public health measures early taken (national lockdown, borders closed, remote work), the respect of non-pharmaceutical interventions and the efficacy of COVID-19 contact-tracing and case management at the first stage of the pandemic in Tunisia.

Background/Objectives: Healthcare workers (HCW) in primary care settings play a significant role in recommending vaccines to patients. We aimed to describe COVID-19 vaccination knowledge, attitudes, perception, and practices (KAPP) of HCWs in Tunisia and identify associated factors. Methods: We conducted a national cross-sectional survey (29 January to 3 February 2024) among HCWs in primary public healthcare centers using purposive sampling. Factors associated with good knowledge, positive attitude, and good practice, measured through Likert scales using face-to-face questionnaires, were identified using binary logistic regression. Results: We included 906 HCWs (mean age = 41.87 ± 8.89 years). In total, 37.75% (342/906) of HCWs had good knowledge and perception, 4.30% (39/906) had a positive attitude, and 24.9% (226/906) had good practices related to COVID-19 vaccination. Working in urban compared to rural areas was associated with good knowledge (aOR = 1.57, 95%CI = 1.12–2.21) and positive attitude (aOR = 4.94, 95%CI = 1.19–20.44) to COVID-19 vaccination. Physicians had better KAPP scores than other medical professionals. HCWs working in departments with high-risk patients were more likely to have good knowledge (aOR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.00–1.72). Positive attitude was also associated with being male (aOR = 2.97, 95%CI = 1.75–5.07) and having at least one non-communicable disease (aOR = 1.92, 95%CI = 1.14–3.23). Being male (aOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.35–2.88) and having more years of professional experience (aOR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.29–2.52) were associated with good practice. Conclusions: Just over a third of HCWs in primary healthcare clinics had good knowledge of COVID-19 vaccination, while positive attitudes and good practices were low. Targeted interventions, particularly for HCWs with less professional experience working in rural settings, are needed to increase good practices and improve COVID-19 vaccination coverage in Tunisia.

On July 27th and 29th, 2022, the Prevention and Safety of Care Department at Sahloul University Hospital was alerted to an outbreak of invasive infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). The infections were reported in three departments: Post Serious Operations (PSO), Surgical Resuscitation, and Orthopedics. This case study examines the outbreak, focusing on the epidemiological investigation, environmental The teaching approach involves a systematic methodology for conducting outbreak investigations and implementing infection control strategies in a university hospital. Students will describe cases by time, person, and place, and prepare synoptic charts. They will also evaluate adherence to standard hygiene precautions and interpret data from figures and tables, leading to recommendations for corrective actions. This epidemic involved three cases of patients with intrinsic (comorbidities) and extrinsic (invasive procedures: gastrostomy, vascular catheterization, urinary catheter) risk factors. The three isolated strains had the same antibiotype characterized by resistance to all antibiotics except Fosfomycin and colistin. The environmental survey didn´t monitor any Klebsiella pneumoniae in the three patients´ environments. From the six criteria of the standard hygiene precautions, 16 observations were tested in the audit, from which (10; 62.5%) were respected in the Surgical Resuscitation department, (8; 50%) in the PSO department and (2; 12.5%) in orthopedic department. This investigation highlights the need for a proactive surveillance system and strict adherence to infection control measures to prevent the spread of CRKP.