This study investigated the annual incidence rates of spine-related hospital diagnoses in Danish children aged 0–17 years from 2009 to 2021. It aimed to assess trends stratified by diagnostic groups, hospital departments, and residential regions. A nationwide register-based cohort study was conducted using data from the Danish National Patient Register and census data. Spine-related diagnoses were identified through International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) codes and categorized into five groups: critical, whiplash, radiating, structural, and regional. Incidence rates (IR) per 100,000 children were calculated and stratified by diagnostic group, hospital department, and region. Temporal trends were visualized using descriptive statistics. The study identified 43,073 children with 78,304 spine-related diagnoses. The median age was 13 years with interquartile range of 5.3, and 55% were female. IRs remained stable over the 13-year period. Whiplash and structural diagnoses decreased after 2015, while regional diagnoses increased until stabilizing in 2019. Regional disparities were noted, with the capital region having higher IRs than other regions. Most diagnoses were managed within orthopedic departments. Conclusion: This study highlights stable IRs of pediatric spine–related diagnoses despite significant changes in diagnostic practices, reflecting a potential shift toward a biopsychosocial approach in hospital care. Regional disparities and variability in diagnostic coding practices emphasize the need for standardized protocols and equitable care pathways. Further research could validate coding practices, investigate care trajectories, and explore long-term outcomes to optimize pediatric spine care. What is Known:• Pediatric spinal pain is increasingly reported in epidemiological surveys, with substantial health burden.• Hospital-based diagnostic patterns in children remain largely unexplored. What is New:• This is the first national registry-based study of spine-related hospital diagnoses in Danish children.• Marked regional variation and changing departmental patterns suggest a need for standardization.

Background: Spinal pain affects up to 30% of school-age children and can interfere with various aspects of daily life, such as school attendance, physical function, and social life. Current assessment tools often rely on parental reporting which limits our understanding of how each child is affected by their pain. This study aimed to address this gap by developing MySpineData-Kids (“MiRD-Kids”), a tailored patient-reported questionnaire focusing on children with spinal pain in secondary care (Danish hospital setting). Methods: The process and development of MiRD-Kids followed a structured, multi-phase approach targeted children in outpatient care. The first phase involved evidence-synthesis, expert consultations, and item formulation, resulting in the first version. The second phase involved pilot testing among pediatric spinal pain patients, leading to modifications for improved clarity and relevance. The third phase involved implementation at the Pediatric outpatient track at The Spine Centre of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark. Results: MiRD-Kids was based on selected items from seven questionnaires, encompassing 20 items across six domains. Pilot testing with 13 pediatric patients facilitated modifications and finalized the questionnaire. The questionnaire includes sections for parents/legal guardians and six domains for children covering pain, sleep, activities, trauma, concerns, and treatment, following the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). Implementation challenges were overcome within a 2-month period, resulting in the clinical questionnaire MiRD-Kids a comprehensive tool for assessing pediatric spinal pain in hospital outpatient settings. Conclusion: MiRD-Kids is the first comprehensive questionnaire for children with spinal pain seen in outpatient caresetting and follows the ICF approach. It can support age-specific high-quality research and comprehensive clinical assessment of children aged 12 to 17 years, potentially, contributing to efforts aimed at mitigating the long-term consequences of spinal pain.

Objective: To describe the primary complaints of infants presenting to Danish chiropractic clinics and explore the secondary complaints, and type of referrals from other healthcare professionals. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on routinely collected medical records from a national sample of chiropractic clinics in Denmark. Data were collected retrospectively in December 2019 and January 2020, covering infants (0–1 year) seen between November 2018 and October 2019. All 238 chiropractic clinics in the Danish Chiropractors’ Association were invited to participate via an electronic survey. The questionnaire captured demographic characteristics, primary and secondary complaints, symptom duration, and referral sources. Results: A total of 1,049 completed questionnaires were received. The most common primary complaint was abnormal range of motion (ROM) (48%), followed by crying/infantile colic (17%), feeding problems (5%), and disturbed sleep (5%). The majority of complaints had lasted between 1 week and 3 months, prior to consultation. Secondary complaints were reported in 58% of cases, most commonly abnormal ROM (41%), disturbed sleep (22%), and feeding problems (21%). Referrals were reported for 51% of infants, with healthcare visitors being the primary source (44%). Conclusion: This study provides insights into the clinical presentations and referral patterns of infants attending chiropractic clinics in Denmark. The findings highlight abnormal ROM as the predominant complaint, the central role of healthcare visitors in referrals, and the multifaceted nature of parental concerns. These results emphasize the need for evidence-based guidelines and stronger interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize infant care.

Background: Chiropractors in many countries provide care for infants, yet few structured, evidence-informed recommendations exist to guide history taking, examination, and clinical management in this population. In Denmark, variation in practice and limited public understanding of chiropractic care for infants highlighted the need for national recommendations to support safe, consistent, and transparent care. Objective: To describe the development of national recommendations outlining the minimum requirements for history taking, examination, and clinical management considerations for infants aged 0–12 months in chiropractic practice. Methods: These recommendations were commissioned by the Danish Society of Chiropractic and initially developed in 2020, with an update in 2025. The manuscript was reported with consideration of the RIGHT Statement. Recommendation development was informed by a targeted literature review, a national knowledge-sharing workshop involving 71 chiropractors, expert review by a seven-member panel with extensive paediatric experience, and external stakeholder consultation. Feedback from each stage was incorporated through an iterative drafting process. Results: The recommendations describe minimum requirements for medical history taking, red flag screening, general and musculoskeletal examination, referral, and clinical management considerations for infants. Minimum and supplementary assessment components are presented in structured tables to support consistent clinical assessment and decision-making. Conclusions: These national recommendations establish minimum requirements for history taking, examination, and clinical management considerations for infants in chiropractic practice. Developed through a structured process integrating a targeted literature review, practice-based input, expert review, and stakeholder consultation, they provide a transparent and practical framework to support safe, consistent, and collaborative paediatric care. Transparent reporting of the development process may facilitate the adaptation of these recommendations and the development of similar recommendations in other healthcare settings.