Objectives: This study explored the relationship between fear of future workplace violence (FFWV) and burnout, and the moderating effect of psychological resilience on this relationship. Methods: We recruited 413 pediatricians from 26 specialized and general hospitals in China’s Shandong provinces and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from August 2021 to April 2022. Fear of future workplace violence was measured using the Fear of Future Violence at Work Scale. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Psychological resilience was measured using the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between FFWV and burnout. The SPSS PROCESS macro was used to examine the moderating effect of psychological resilience on this relationship. Results: About 85.7% of pediatricians experienced a medium or high level of fear. Fear of future workplace violence was significantly and positively associated with emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment (B = 0.23, SE = 0.39, P < .001; B = 0.06, SE = 0.13, P < .001; B = 0.17, SE = 0.03, P < .001, respectively, where B denotes the unstandardized regression coefficient). The interaction effects of FFWV and psychological resilience on emotional exhaustion (B = −0.008; 95% CI, −0.01 to −0.004) and depersonalization (B = −0.003; 95% CI, −0.005 to −0.001) were statistically significant. The protective effect conforms to the “protective-stabilizing” model. Conclusions: Psychological resilience training may be beneficial for pediatricians in preventing high levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism resulting from FFWV.

Early life gut microbiota function as biological sensors for maternal prenatal exposure and play a crucial role in infant neurodevelopment. During pregnancy, air pollution and psychological distress are regarded as general and specific external exposures, respectively; however, the joint influence of these two domains on shaping early life gut microbiota remains unexplored. In this study, 309 mother-infant pairs were recruited from the obstetrics departments of two tertiary hospitals. We collected data on maternal prenatal air pollution exposure and psychological distress, obtained meconium samples within 48 h after birth, and assessed infant neurodevelopmental outcomes using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3 at 1, 3, and 6 months postpartum. Maternal prenatal air pollution-psychological distress exposure patterns were identified using a self-organizing map (SOM). The differential features of the meconium microbiota in relation to co-exposure patterns were assessed using multivariate association of linear models. Finally, the mediating role of the meconium microbiota in co-exposure patterns and infant neurodevelopment was analyzed using mediation analysis. We observed that the meconium microbiota at both the phylum and genus levels differed among the three patterns. Ruminococcus mediated the relationship between co-exposure patterns and infant neurodevelopment at 3 months of age (IE = 0.181-0.261, p_FDR < 0.001). These findings support the inclusion of infant gut microbiota within frameworks assessing the risks of maternal prenatal co-exposure to environmental pollution and psychological distress, providing a scientific basis for policymakers to identify intervention targets for high-risk populations.