Background: Observational studies have reported inconsistent findings in the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS), its components, and loss of renal function, mainly including eGFR decline, new-onset CKD, and ESRD. This meta-analysis was performed to investigate their potential associations. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE were systematically searched from their inception to 21 July 2022. Observational cohort studies in English assessing the risk of renal dysfunction in individuals with MetS were identified. Risk estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and pooled using the random-effects approach. Results: A total of 32 studies with 413,621 participants were included in the meta-analysis. MetS contributed to higher risks of renal dysfunction (RR = 1.50, 95% CI = 1.39–1.61) and, specifically, rapid decline in eGFR (RR 1.31, 95% CI 1.13–1.51), new-onset CKD (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.37–1.58), as well as ESRD (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.08–2.22). Moreover, all individual components of MetS were significantly associated with renal dysfunction, while elevated BP conveyed the highest risk (RR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29–1.46), impaired fasting glucose with the lowest and diabetic-dependent risk (RR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.09–1.33). Conclusions: Individuals with MetS and its components are at higher risk of renal dysfunction.

(1) Background: Recently more and more Chinese clinical studies have been conducted to compare the efficacy and safety of roxadustat with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of roxadustat in Chinese HD patients. (2) Methods: The PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, WanFang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), SinoMed, and VIP databases were searched from their inception to July 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of roxadustat to those of ESAs in treating anemia in Chinese HD patients. (3) Results: Twenty-one RCTs involving 1408 patients were enrolled. Our study showed that the improvement of hemoglobin (Hb) levels and iron metabolism were significantly higher in the roxadustat group than in the ESA group. Additionally, the total adverse events risk was significantly lower in the roxadustat group. (4) Conclusions: In this meta-analysis, we found that roxadustat was more effective and safer than ESAs in treating anemia in Chinese HD patients.