The study presents a multi-layer genetic algorithm (GA) approach using correlation-based methods to facilitate damage determination for through-truss bridge structures. To begin, the structure's damage-suspicious elements are divided into several groups. In the first GA layer, the damage is initially optimised for all groups using correlation objective function. In the second layer, the groups are combined to larger groups and the optimisation starts over at the normalised point of the first layer result. Then the identification process repeats until reaching the final layer where one group includes all structural elements and only minor optimisations are required to fine tune the final result. Several damage scenarios on a complicated through-truss bridge example are nominated to address the proposed approach's effectiveness. Structural modal strain energy has been employed as the variable vector in the correlation function for damage determination. Simulations and comparison with the traditional single-layer optimisation shows that the proposed approach is efficient and feasible for complicated truss bridge structures when the measurement noise is taken into account.

This article investigates the critical sustainability challenges posed by Queensland's construction sector through developing a comprehensive circular economy implementation roadmap. Adopting a mixed‐method approach combining quantitative scientometric analysis of academic literature with qualitative systematic review of grey literature, the study bridges theoretical knowledge and practical applications. The findings identify key barriers to circular economy adoption in Queensland's construction industry across environmental, economic, social, and policy dimensions, while highlighting opportunities in deconstruction, material reuse, and waste valorization. The article's primary contribution is an evidence‐based policy roadmap addressing regulatory gaps through targeted incentives, mandates, and reforms. The resulting phased implementation roadmap outlines actionable short‐, medium‐, and long‐term strategies for industry transformation. By aligning Queensland's construction practices with international standards through innovative digital tools, market mechanisms, and multi‐stakeholder engagement, this study provides a practical blueprint for policymakers, industry leaders, and researchers to advance circular construction practices and contribute to sustainable built environment outcomes.

This study evaluates Queensland's policies supporting circular economy practices in the building and construction industry. Through systematic review, it reveals that while current initiatives have improved construction waste recovery rates, policies focus primarily on recycling rather than higher-order circular practices like deconstruction and material reuse. The research identifies opportunities for policy reform and incentives to advance Queensland's transition to a circular economy in the built environment.

The sheathing-to-timber connection (STC) is a critical component of timber-framed shear walls. The STC provides the shear wall system with its racking resistance, while anchors and tiedowns provide resistance to sliding and overturning, respectively. Because building materials are exposed to weathering during construction, this study aims to quantify the influence of weathering on the structural performance of STCs. To achieve this aim, a total of $117$ small-scale specimens were fabricated with 5 different sheathing types and 2 different timber species. Each specimen comprised 2 panels of sheathing connected to 2 short lengths of pine timber ($90\times 35 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}$ cross-section), with a total of $16/2.8\left(\varphi \right)\times 30 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}$ ($l$) galvanised clouts at $45 \mathrm{m}\mathrm{m}$ spacings. Some specimens were tested under the EN 594 monotonic loading protocol and others were tested under the ISO 16670 cyclic loading protocol. Some specimens were exposed to the weather for a period of 6 months before being tested, while others were stored in an air-conditioned environment before being tested. The results show that weathering reduces the ultimate and yield capacity of STC connections by $3\%$ and $5\%$ on average, respectively; however, this result is not statistically significant for most sheathing types. The results varied, with some configurations having an ultimate capacity up to $16\%$ higher and others having an ultimate capacity as much as $20\%$ lower for weathered specimens compared to unweathered specimens. However, weathering reduces the stiffness of STCs by $61\%$ and ductility by $50\%,$ a statistically significant result. For most sheathing types, these findings do not support reductions to the design capacity of STCs that have been exposed to weathering.