More than 80% of the energy from fossil fuels is utilized in homes and industries. Increased use of fossil fuels not only depletes them but also contributes to global warming. By 2050, the usage of fossil fuels will be approximately lower than 80% than it is today. There is no yearly variation in the amount of CO₂ in the atmosphere due to soil and land plants. Therefore, an alternative source of energy is required to overcome these problems. Biohydrogen is considered to be a renewable source of energy, which is useful for electricity generation rather than relying on harmful fossil fuels. Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of sources and technologies and has numerous applications including electricity generation, being a clean energy carrier, and as an alternative fuel. In this review, a detailed elaboration about different kinds of sources involved in biohydrogen production, various biohydrogen production routes, and their applications in electricity generation is provided.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents one of the most significant global health challenges of the twenty-first century. The emergence of drug-resistant pathogens, particularly multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains, threatens to undermine decades of progress in medicine, rendering infections once easily treatable with antibiotics increasingly difficult to manage. In addition, Climatic change and surrounding environmental conditions have led to a pragmatic shift to evolve through, adapt to new environments and surface new pathogenic emerging infectious diseases by existing pathogens. These pathogens acquire certain traits by various gene transfer mechanisms exhibiting wide host specificity and thereby influence surfacing epidemics or pandemics upon appropriate favourable conditions. Efforts to combat diseases are primarily focused on developing countries by medical sectors. This review summarizes various microbial disease resistance mechanisms, with emphasis on quorum sensing as one the important mechanism of resistance to drugs. In addition, advances in quorum sensing inhibitors/quenchers involving small molecules, bio-actives from microbial sources, natural compounds and quenching enzymes inhibiting microbial infections were discussed.