This study aims to examine the effect of economic factors and psychological factors on dilemmas in tax reporting. This study considers psychological factors caused by the inconsistency of the traditional tax compliance model. The economic factors tested are fines and tax audits while the psychological factors tested are trust and social norms. This study applied an experimental method with a 2x2x2 factorial design to investigate tax compliance. The final participants comprise 196 students. The results provide empirical evidence that trust and social norms can be explanatory factors in tax reporting dilemmas. However, this study does not provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of economic factors on tax compliance. The research results imply that the tax authorities need to consider the psychological factors behind taxpayers achieving honesty in tax reporting. This research also has implications in terms of the importance of a comprehensive approach in investigating compliance behavior. Overall, this study contributes to the literature that emphasizes the importance of psychological factors to investigate tax compliance. This study suggests the importance of social norms and trusts to guide behavior in tax compliance dilemmas.

Previous literature which examined relationship between fraud risk factors and occupational frauds occurrence is limited to the setting of a single developed country. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining the moderating role of ethical culture in affecting the relationship between fraud risks and occupational fraud using the sample of regional development banks (RDB) in one of the major developing countries, Indonesia. Our study employs Indonesian RDBs due to their economic significance and their exposure to a higher risk of occupational fraud. Primary data was collected using a survey method involving 355 employees from the 15 largest RDBs in Indonesia. The collected data was analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). We find that occupational fraud in RDBs is associated with opportunity and pressure. A strong ethical culture can weaken the positive relationship between these two fraud risks and occupational fraud. The findings of our paper imply that organizations that face a significant risk of fraud, such as RDBs, should invest in strengthening the organizations’ ethical culture as it could mitigate two out of four fraud risk factors. This study contributes towards development of the fraud diamond theory by examining the effect of ethical culture in mitigating fraud risk in the banking industry which is growing rapidly in a developing economy. This study focuses on a context that has still only been analyzed by previous research to a limited degree, namely RDBs which are known as the “second sector” of the banking industry in Indonesia.

The problems of pollution, global warming, and environmental damage are currently relevant and vital challenges for corporations, governments, and society. The implementation of green accounting is one of the responses of corporations to overcome sustainability issues. This study aims to examine the impact of green accounting on the level of environmental performance and the impact of environmental performance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. This study also tests the role of environmental performance as a mediating variable in the relationship between green accounting and CSR disclosure. The sample consists of 95 listed Indonesian firms during the period 2017–2021. The results show that the adoption of green accounting positively affects environmental performance (coefficient is 0.291 and p-value < 0.01). Meanwhile, environmental performance positively affects CSR disclosure with a coefficient of 0.296 and a p-value < 0.01. The empirical evidence also shows that environmental performance has a critical role as a mediating variable in the effect of green accounting on CSR disclosure.