Bones generate electricity under pressure, and this electromechanical behavior is thought to be essential for bone's self‐repair and remodeling properties. The origin of this response is attributed to the piezoelectricity of collagen, which is the main structural protein of bones. In theory, however, any material can also generate voltages in response to strain gradients, thanks to the property known as flexoelectricity. In this work, the flexoelectricity of bone and pure bone mineral (hydroxyapatite) are measured and found to be of the same order of magnitude; the quantitative similarity suggests that hydroxyapatite flexoelectricity is the main source of bending‐induced polarization in cortical bone. In addition, the measured flexoelectric coefficients are used to calculate the (flexo)electric fields generated by cracks in bone mineral. The results indicate that crack‐generated flexoelectricity is theoretically large enough to induce osteocyte apoptosis and thus initiate the crack‐healing process, suggesting a central role of flexoelectricity in bone repair and remodeling.
This study aimed to develop biopolymer films (BFs) from immature chayote [Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.] Quelite variety fruit peels using glycerol, sorbitol, and ethylene glycol as plasticizers at three concentrations (0.05, 0.06, and 0.07 mol/L) using the casting method. The BFs were evaluated at two time points (day 1 and day 30 after casting) to assess their performance, stability, and potential food packaging applications. They were homogeneous, continuous, and exhibited colors ranging from cream to light brown, and had an average thickness of 198 μm. The average solubilities in water, acid, and base were 49.57%, 48.51%, and 65.15%, respectively, while the average moisture content across all treatments was 25.52%. The percentage of elongation increased from 4.8% to 6.8% with higher plasticizer concentrations. No significant effects of plasticizer type, concentration, or storage time were observed on tensile strength, with average values of 0.22 MPa. Water vapor permeability (WVP) ranged from 0.72 to 16.07 g·Pa–1·s–1·m–2·10–7, with significant differences among plasticizers. The films displayed a glass transition temperature of 63.29 °C and a melting temperature of 154.26 °C, indicating a homogeneous and stable matrix. These findings highlight the potential of chayote peel-based BFs as sustainable materials for food packaging applications.