Cervical cancer (CC) is the second leading cause of death from malignancy in women in Ecuador. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main causative agent of CC. Although several studies have been conducted on HPV detection in Ecuador, there are limited data on indigenous women. This cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the prevalence of HPV and associated factors in women from the indigenous communities of Quilloac, Saraguro and Sevilla Don Bosco. The study included 396 sexually active women belonging to the aforementioned ethnicities. A validated questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic data, and real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) tests were used to detect HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These communities are located in the southern region of Ecuador and face geographical and cultural barriers to accessing health services. The results showed that 28.35% of women tested positive for both types of HPV, 23.48% for high-risk (HR) HPV, and 10.35% for low-risk (LR) HPV. Statistically significant associations were found between HR HPV and having more than three sexual partners (OR 1.99, CI 1.03–3.85) and Chlamydia trachomatis infection (OR 2.54, CI 1.08–5.99). This study suggests that HPV infection and other sexually transmitted pathogens are common among indigenous women, highlighting the need for control measures and timely diagnosis in this population.

Background: Myiasis is an infestation by fly larvae. Some species exclusively affect humans, contaminating wounds, mucous membranes, and other tissues. It is a disease with marked socioeconomic connotations. Case Presentation: The current case involves a 95-year-old woman, an inhabitant of the Andean region of Ecuador with a history of resection of basal cell carcinoma in the left zygomatic region and a diagnosis of chronic leukemia. The surgical wound was secondarily infested with Cochliomyia hominivorax fly larvae and the patient was readmitted to the hospital to treat this complication. A marked clinical improvement was observed after surgical debridement, removal of larvae and administration of ivermectin and antibiotics. Conclusion: The determinants of this infestation were advanced age, neglect, and destitution in a patient with an open wound on the face after resection of a basal cell carcinoma. This case illustrates the appalling reality of the marginalized and excluded population of South America. Also of concern is the expansion of myiasis-producing fly populations to areas outside their natural humid and warm habitat. South American governments are called upon to act jointly and effectively against this ominous disease.

Introduction: hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are one of the main causes of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Objective: to determine the prevalence and associated factors to hypertensive disorders in pregnancy at risk ages, at Vicente Corral Moscoso Hospital in 2019. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out. 249 medical records from “Intranet” system for hospitalization, selected by simple random sampling, were included. For data analysis, SPSS v.22 was used. The factor`s association was made with odds ratio with its confidence interval of 95 %; the hypothesis was accepted with a value of p < 0,05 of the Chi square. Results: 17,7 % patients presented hypertensive disorders at risk reproductive age, of which 12,4 % had preeclampsia. The factors that showed a statistically significant relationship with hypertensive disorders were overweight-obesity (OR 2,1; 95% CI: 1,04-4,23, p: 0,03); chronic hypertension (OR: 20,4; 95% CI: 2,22-187,33; p > 0,001) and a history of hypertensive disorder in previous pregnancies (OR: 4,2; 95% CI: 1,23 -14,82; p = 0,001). Conclusion: more than one eighth of patients with obstetric risk ages presented hypertensive disorders in pregnancy; preeclampsia was the most frequent. Overweight and obesity, history of hypertensive disorder prior to pregnancy and chronic hypertension were statistically significant factors.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer (CC). Ecuador has a high prevalence of cervical cancer, with more than 1600 new cases diagnosed annually. This study aimed to analyze oncogenes E6 and E7 of HPV16 in samples collected from women with cancerous and precancerous cervical lesions from the Ecuadorian coast. Twenty-nine women, including six with ASCUS, three with LSIL, thirteen with HSIL, and seven with Cacu, were analyzed. The most common SNPs were E6 350G or L83V (82.6%) and E6 145T/286A/289G/335T/350G or Q14H/F78Y/L83V (17.4%). Both variants are reported to be associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer in worldwide studies. In contrast, all E7 genes have conserved amino-acid positions. Phylogenetic trees showed the circulation of the D (26.1%) and A (73.9) lineages. The frequency of D was higher than that reported in other comparable studies in Ecuador and Latin America, and may be related to the ethnic composition of the studied populations. This study contributes to the characterization of the potential risk factors for cervical carcinogenesis associated with Ecuadorian women infected with HPV16.

En Ecuador el cáncer de cuello uterino se ubica en el segundo lugar y, está relacionada a una infección genital persistente por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) de alto riesgo. Objetivo general: determinar la relación entre virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo y las lesiones intraepiteliales del cuello uterino, en mujeres de 21 a 65 años en tres cantones de la provincia de El Oro, periodo 2019. Se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo relacional de corte transversal. Se realizó el estudio en 109 mujeres que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Para la relación de las variables se utilizó los estadísticos del Chi cuadrado (con valor de p < 0.05). Los resultados observados fueron que, el 77, 06% de las participantes estuvo en la edad ? 30 años; el 77,98% inicio su vida sexual antes de los 20 años y, la edad del parto en el 77,06% fue antes de los 25 años. La prevalencia de lesiones intraepiteliales del cuello uterino fue del 18,37%, de estas el 16,13% se debieron al virus papiloma humano de alto riesgo; sin embargo, esta relación no fue significativa (p > 0,05) y, la lesión más frecuente fue el de células escamosas atípicas de importancia no determinada. Se concluye que las lesiones intraepiteliales fueron más frecuentes que las reportadas en la literatura como general, y los genotipos 39, 16, 18 estuvieron presentes en las lesiones intraepiteliales de bajo grado del cuello uterino.

El inicio sexual temprano, conlleva numerosos riesgos como embarazos precoces o enfermedades de transmisión sexual, abortos; por ello, la importancia de que los adolescentes conozcan la anticoncepción de emergencia, sobre todo, para la prevención del embarazo no deseado y las secuelas del aborto. Objetivo. Describir la anticoncepción de emergencia y la evaluación de su conocimiento en adolescentes. Materiales y métodos. Revisión sistemática, basado en criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se realizó la búsqueda de documentos entre los años 2020 y 2021, de las bases de datos PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Redalyc, Scielo. Se usaron las palabras clave de los DeCS y MeSH; además, se utilizó los operadores booleanos AND, OR. Se obtuvieron 18 artículos para elaborar esta investigación. Resultados. El uso de anticoncepción de emergencia (AE) varía entre el 10,6% hasta un 60% en dependencia de la población estudiada, además, gran parte de los factores de rechazo radican en una desinformación acerca de su mecanismo de acción y a la estigmatización de la misma, el cual es visto como un método abortivo. El nivel de conocimiento acerca de la AE es baja, destacando factores como el hecho de asistir a un colegio de menor nivel académico y ser inmigrante, los que se asocian con un menor conocimiento de la misma. Conclusiones. Pese a los esfuerzos por garantizar una salud sexual y reproductiva los niveles de conocimiento sobre el AE son bajos, siendo reflejado en la prevalencia de utilización y en los factores que limitan su adquisición y uso.