Alopecia has gradually become a problem that puzzles an increasing number of people. Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) play an important role in hair follicle (HF) growth; thus, exploring the effective chemicals or natural extracts that can remediate the growth of DPCs is vital. Our results showed that Schizochytrium sp.-extracted lipids (SEL) significantly promoted proliferation (up to 1.13 times) and survival ratio (up to 2.45 times) under oxidative stress. The treatment with SEL can protect DPCs against oxidative stress damage, reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level by 90.7%. The relative gene transcription and translation were thoroughly analyzed using RNA-Seq, RT-qPCR, and Western blot to explore the mechanism. Results showed that SEL significantly inhibited the ferroptosis pathway and promoted the expression of antioxidant genes (up to 1.55–3.52 times). The in vivo application of SEL improved hair growth, with the length of new hair increasing by 16.7% and the length of new HF increasing by 92.6%, and the period of telogen shortening increased by 40.0%. This study proposes a novel therapeutic option for alopecia, with the effect and regulation mechanism of SEL on DPC systematically clarified.

All human beings are susceptible to numerous problems in life however the elderly population is much more vulnerable to such issues. The number of elderly population is increasing particularly in the developing countries. In 2050, it is estimated that the world will have more aged people than the children less than 15 years (Muhammad, 2013). Although elderly have better contributed in the development during their productive time, however, their contribution has not been acknowledged. They are not properly cared by their family members rather they are abused mentally and physically. They have weak economic status due to their weak physical and mental health. They are not allowed to be involved in decision making. These deprivations and deplorable condition have led them to be dependent on others. In Pakistan till now, no social policy has been devised which could have been influential in the solution of the elderly problem. This literature based study highlights the problems of the senior citizens of Pakistan.

The present study was carried out to enlist the grass flora of Kalash valley, Pakistan theirecological characteristics and ethnobotanical uses. A total of 36 grass species belonging to 29 genera wereidentified. Poa was the dominant genus with 4 (11.11%) species followed by Avena, Bromus, Hordeumand Lolium represented by 2 (5.55%) species each. The remaining genera had one species each. Ecologicalcharacteristics revealed that 23 (63.89%) species were rarely occurring, 9 (25%) were common and 4(11.11%) species were abundantly occurring in the valley. Life form spectra showed that therophytes weredominant with 24 (66.67%) species followed by hemicryptophytes with 8 (22.22%) species, chamaephytes3 (8.33%) and geophytes had one (2.78%) species. Leaf size spectra revealed that 26 (72.22%) specieswere nanophylls, 4 (11.11%) were microphylls and 3 (8.33%) were mesophylls. 27 (75%) species weregrowing on dry places and 9 (25%) were growing on wet soils. Similarly, 33 (91.67%) were fodder species,3 (11.11%) were food species and 2 (5.55%) species were used for thatching purposes in the valley. Thepresent information will be useful for further ecological and biological researches on the grasses in thisdry temperate region of Pakistan.