Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues is a peer-reviewed journal which publishes original research papers and case studies

The present work aims to fill the gaps in existing research on the application of machine learning in fraud detection and management in the banking sector. It provides a theoretical perspective on the evolution of algorithms, highlights practical aspects, and derives relevant metrics for evaluating their performance on unbalanced data. In the growing context of artificial intelligence, the adoption of an innovative, systematic approach to studying fraud in banking transactions through advanced machine learning algorithms is completely positive for the overall accuracy and effectiveness of risk management and has really practical and applied significance. The proven methodology (Classification and Regression Trees, Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boosting) was tested on nearly 1.5 million in the banking sector, confirming the observations related to the application of fundamental assessments and specialized statistical methods through machine learning algorithms, demonstrating superior discriminatory power compared to classical models. The development provides valuable insights for managers, researchers, and policymakers aiming to strengthen the security and resilience of banking systems in times of evolving financial fraud challenges.

The main research question addressed in the paper is related to the possibility of medium-term forecasting of the public debts of the EU member states. The analysis focuses on a broad range of indicators (macroeconomic, fiscal, monetary, global, and convergence) that influence the public debt levels of the EU member states. A machine learning prediction model using random forest regression was approbated with the empirical data. The algorithm was applied in two iterations—a primary iteration with 33 indicators and a secondary iteration with the 8 most significant indicators in terms of their influence and forecasting importance regarding the development of public debt across the EU. The research identifies a change in the medium term (2023–2024) in the group of the four most indebted EU member states, viz., that Spain will be replaced by France, which is an even more systemic economy, and will thus increase the group’s share of the EU’s GDP. The results indicate a logical scenario of rising interest rates with adverse effects for the fiscal imbalances, which will require serious reforms in the public sector of the most indebted EU member states.

This research demonstrates the potential of machine learning for revealing the fiscal effects of the Recovery and Resilience Facility (RRF) in the European Union. It focuses on the use of a hybrid approach, based on traditional econometric methods combined with advanced data machine learning techniques. For this purpose, the following were applied: a panel data model with fixed effects, difference-in-differences analysis, correlation analysis, and machine learning, specifically, random forest regression, for the period of 2020–2024, including indicators from all 27 EU member states. The results of the conducted tests establish the effectiveness of the Recovery and Resilience Facility for fiscal stabilization, but also its high vulnerability to specific economic conditions in the individual member states. The complex relationships between the amount of funds received and the fiscal outcomes, which classical models fail to capture, were derived. A positive stabilizing effect on the indebtedness of countries with a clearly expressed imbalance in the public debt-to-gross domestic product ratio was demonstrated.

Bulgarian Разработеният документ за община ПОРДИМ следва указанията на МРРБ Документът се разработва съгласно следната структура: Част I. Териториален обхват и анализ на икономическото, социалното и екологичното състояние, нуждите и потенциалите за развитие на съответната община; Част II. Цели и приоритети за развитие на общината за периода 2021-2027; Част ІІІ. Описание на комуникационната стратегия, на партньорите и заинтересованите страни и формите на участие в подготовката и изпълнението на ПИРО при спазване на принципите за партньорство и осигуряване на информация и публичност; Част ІV. Определяне на зони за прилагане на интегриран подход за удовлетворяване на идентифицираните нужди и за подкрепа на потенциалите за развитие и на възможностите за сътрудничество с други общини -приоритетни зони за въздействие Част V. Програма за реализация на ПИРО и описание на интегрирания подход за развитие; Част VІ. Мерки за ограничаване изменението на климата и мерки за адаптиране към климатичните промени и за намаляване на риска от бедствия Част VIІ. Необходими действия и индикатори за наблюдение и оценка на ПИРО; Част VIII. Предварителна оценка, съгласно условията на чл. 32 от ЗРР. При разработването на документа е спазен принципа за приемственост и съгласуваност с вече разработени и утвърдени стратегически планови документи, както следва: • Общински план за развитие на Община Пордим по ЗРР (2013-2020 г.) • Интегриран план за обновяване на населените места в община Пордим (разработен в периода 2014-2015 г.) • Общинската програма за опазване на околната среда в Община Пордим, приета с решение №77 /26.02.2016 г. на Общински съвет – Пордим. • Проект за ОУП на община Пордим (2020 год.) • Програма за управление на Община Пордим (2020-2023 г.), разработена в съответствие с изискванията на чл. 44, ал. 5 от Закона за местното самоуправление и местната администрация. • Хоризонтален социално-икономически анализ на районите на национално ниво, изготвен от „Национален център за териториално развитие“ ЕАД. • Националната екологична мрежа НАТУРА 2000. • Националната концепция за пространствено развитие (НКПР) 2013-2025. • План за управление на риска от наводнения в Дунавски район за басейново управление 2016-2021г. приет с РЕШЕНИЕ № 1104 / 29.12.2016 год. на Министерски съвет. • Национална стратегия за адаптация към изменението на климата и План за действие. • Решения на ОбС, данни от НСИ. English The developed document for PORDIM municipality follows the instructions of the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Works. The document is developed according to the following structure: Part I. Territorial scope and analysis of the economic, social and ecological condition, needs and potentials for development of the respective municipality; Part II. Goals and priorities for development of the municipality for the period 2021-2027; Part III. Description of the communication strategy, of the partners and the stakeholders and the forms of participation in the preparation and implementation of the PIER in compliance with the principles of partnership and provision of information and publicity; Part IV. Defining areas for application of an integrated approach to meet the identified needs and to support the potentials for development and the opportunities for cooperation with other municipalities - priority areas for impact Part V. Program for implementation of PIRO and description of the integrated approach for development; Part VI. Climate change mitigation and adaptation measures and disaster risk reduction Part VII. Necessary actions and indicators for monitoring and evaluation of PIRO; Part VIII. Preliminary assessment, according to the conditions of art. 32 of the RRA. During the development of the document the principle of continuity and coherence with already developed and approved strategic planning documents was observed, as follows: • Municipal development plan of the Municipality of Pordim under the RDA (2013-2020) • Integrated plan for renewal of settlements in the municipality Pordim (developed in the period 2014-2015) • The...