The Egyptian Red Sea coast is periodically exposed to flash floods that cause severe human and economic losses. That is due to its hydro-geomorphological characteristics. Therefore, identifying flash flood hazards in these areas is critically important. This research uses an integrated approach of remote sensing data and GIS techniques to assess flash flood hazards based on morphometric measurements. There are 12 drainage basins in the study area. These basins differ in their morphometric characteristics, and their main streams range between the 4th and 7th order. The morphometric parameter analysis indicates that three wadis are highly prone to flooding, five wadis are classified as moderate hazard, and four wadis are rated under low probability of flooding. The study area has a probability offlooding, which could cause serious environmental hazards. To protect the region from flash flood hazards and the great benefit of rainwater, the study recommended detention, crossing, diversion, and/or storage of the accumulated rainwater by building a number of dams or culverts along the main streams of wadis to minimize the flooding flow.

This paper describes a theoretical study of forty eight (48) Reinforced Concrete RC beam column joints, which generally classified as interior, exterior and corner joints. The most main parameters, which may influence the behavior of beam-column joint, transverse reinforcement, lateral shear reinforcement, longitudinal reinforcement, joint area, column axial load, concrete compressive strength, end boundary conditions …etc. In this research FEA (finite element analysis) using ABAQUSCAE commercial software will be developed to build a detailed model to predict the nonlinear behavior of beam-column joint under seismic loadings. The ABAQUSCAE 6.7 solution is a practical way to implement the nonlinear dynamic earthquake analysis for the finite element model. Our study is focusing with joints where statically lateral load was applied and gradually increased maintaining constant axial load at the top of the column equal to 0.15 (AcFc). Several linear variable horizontal displacement transducers were mounted , the net story drift, bond stress, axial shear stresses and strains as well as energy absorption for using different grades of concrete C250, C400, C600 and C1200 are evaluated and discussed to illustrate the behaviour of the studied joints under the case study of loadings.

Proceeding from the saying of our God almighty on his book, the holy Qur'an: "Then ignite for me, O Hāmān, (a fire) upon the clay (From which bricks are made) and make for me a tower....". Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on, using calcined ball-clay (CBC) as mineral pozzolanic admixture for concrete production. CBC is obtained from calcination processes for local ball-clay at specified conditions. To evaluate ball-clay calcination process, various temperatures (600–900 ºC) and burning durations (2, 3 and 4 hours) are used and the optimum temperature and burning time for calcination are assessed by strength activity index at age of 28 days. The hardened properties development of concrete mixtures containing 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% CBC as cement partial replacement are analysed in terms of compressive strength at 7, 28, 90 and 180 days, water absorption, ultra-sonic pulse velocity and electrical resistivity. In addition, microstructure by XRD of the cement pastes incorporating CBC was studied. The results showed that the optimum calcination process to obtain CBC are carried out at temperature 800 °C for 4 hours. The replacement of cement by 10% of CBC is an optimal dosage for concrete mixtures since it achieved an increase of compressive strength by 28% as compared with control one. Therefore, adding CBC can lead to a beneficial utilization of natural local resources, which reduces energy consumption and minimizes CO2 footprint during the manufacturing of cement concrete, thus, concrete can become an eco-friendly and sustainable material.