In order to reduce the psychological and aesthetic consequences caused by elective or therapeutic orchiectomy, we developed two types of testicular prostheses, which were produced using a 3D printer, with polylactic acid filament, and coated with cyanoacrylate or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). They were tested in Wistar rats, with orchiectomy performed on the left testicle and the prosthesis implanted inside the tunica vaginalis, in group 1 we implanted the prosthesis coated with cyanoacrylate and in group 2 with PMMA. The implants showed interesting features such as low cost, reduced production time, and ease of customization for the patient. Two rats in group 1 had monocular vaginalitis in the region of the tunica vaginalis implant and 3 (3/10, 30%) had fibrous dermatitis. In group 2, 5 rats (50%) had fibrous dermatitis, and none had alterations in the tunica vaginalis. We performed a logistic regression model, the results showed no significant association between the type of prosthesis and the presence of inflammation in the tunica vaginalis (p=0.08) or fibrous dermatitis (p=0.22). However, we suggest further studies with cyanoacrylate. PMMA proved to be an excellent option as a biomaterial for prosthesis. Fibrous dermatitis occurred due to the dermal healing process caused by the surgical incision.

Este artigo apresenta os principais desafios do complexo da Tristeza Parasitária Bovina (TPB), a partir de revisão literária sobre o tema. A TPB é um complexo de enfermidades causadas pelos protozoários Babesia bovis e Babesia bigemina combinados com a bactéria Anaplasma marginale, os quais são transmitidos pelo vetor Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (carrapato-do-boi) ao seu hospedeiro bovino, impactando negativamente a saúde do animal e acarretando milhões de prejuízos à economia rural, seja no combate e controle do parasito, ou em gastos com medicamentos, de acordo com dados do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA), e do IBGE. Os principais métodos de controle e tratamento às doenças causadas por B. bovis, B. bigemina e A. marginale, atualmente, se resumem no combate ao vetor com aplicação de produtos químicos, como os acaricidas, aos animais contaminados. Entretanto, os desafios desse método residem na prática de aplicação em sequência e com frequência desses produtos químicos na população bovina, o que provoca, geralmente, a configuração de carrapatos multirresistentes aos agentes químicos. Diversos estudos têm mostrado pequenos resultados com tratamentos homeopáticos e rotação de pastagem, tratamentos alternativos para o combate ao parasito Rhipicephalus microplus. Em 2020, o MAPA lançou obra orientativa com a metodologia Tratamento Bovino Seletivo (TBS), cujo objetivo é acompanhar caso a caso a população bovina contaminada para se fazer o processo seletivo dos animais, de modo que os animais doentes são tratados. Para garantir êxito, oferece-se o Programa de Controle Seletivo do Carrapato Bovino (PCSCB), criado pela Universidade Federal do Paraná.

Background: Balanced anesthesia achieved with combinations of inhaled and injectable drugs administered systemically or in loco-regional anesthetic blocks, is widely used in veterinary medicine. The use of anesthesia and/or local analgesia has already demonstrated benefits in the performance of elective orchiectomy in different species, there is no literature that evaluates the use of the maropitant intratesticular route. The present study evaluated the cardiorespiratory variables and analgesia produced by intratesticular blockade with maropitant, lidocaine, or dextroketamine during the trans-operative period along with the discharge and anesthetic recovery of dogs that underwent elective orchiectomy. Materials, Methods & Results: Used twenty-four dogs from routine elective orchiectomy, considered healthy based on the results of clinical and hematological tests. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and was applied intratesticularly 2% lidocaine at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GL), 5% dextrocetamina at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg (GC), or 1% maropitant at a dose of 1 mg/kg (GM). Anesthesia induction was performed with propofol (to effect), and stabilization of inhalational anesthesia was achieved with 1.7 V% of sevoflurane diluted in 100% oxygen administered through a calibrated vaporizer and appropriate anesthetic system based on the animal's weight, being kept under spontaneous ventilation, After induction, we waited 10 min for stabilization of exhaled anesthetic concentration and then administered one of the treatments intratesticularly. After five min from the local block the surgical procedure was started during up to 15 min. Heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SatO2), end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), end-tidal sevoflurane concentration (EtSevo) in exhaled air, and body temperature (T°C) were measured before intratesticular administration of the agent and at specific time points during surgery, in addition to assessments of analgesia and evaluation of discharge and anesthetic recovery. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P > 0.10). The parameters HR, RR, SAP, DAP, MAP, T, EtCO2, and SatO2 were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Scott-Knott test (Software R® 3.2.0 - 2013), considering a significance level of P < 0.05. The results did not show inter-drug differences for the evaluated variables.Discussion: It was decided not to use premedication (MPA), so that we could accurately assess the analgesic effect of drugs, lidocaine, dextroketamine and maropitant, on intratesticular block during elective orchiectomy. In this study we demonstrated that these drugs promoted analgesia, because the trans-surgical values were relatively lower compared to baseline and within physiological limits for the species. In addition, it was noted that local analgesia used was efficient since even at the time of ligature and the incision spermatic cord which is described in the literature as the most painful part of the surgical procedure. The post-anesthetic recovery and discharge were quick in the absence of MPA, local analgesia without residual effects and the use of sevoflurane. The sevoflurane has a very low blood gas coefficient solubility, resulting in a recovery fast. Therefore, we can conclude that all of the drugs promoted analgesia and cardiorespiratory stability as well as rapid anesthetic recovery for elective orchiectomy in this species.

O objetivo do estudo foi relatar um caso de dermoide ocular unilateral na terceira pálpebra de um bovino com três semanas de idade, abordando os aspectos diagnósticos, bem como a importância da conduta terapêutica para manutenção zootécnica e qualidade de vida do animal. A confirmação diagnóstica foi realizada por meio de exame histopatológico, sendo a exérese da massa realizada mediante a elevação da terceira pálpebra e incisão em cunha na região da lesão, obtendo êxito cirúrgico e sem recidivas. Concluiu-se que o cisto dermoide mesmo sendo pouco prevalente nos rebanhos bovinos, não deve ser negligenciado, pois as complicações oftálmicas geradas pela sua permanência em estruturas oculares podem ser graves. O estudo enfatizou a importância do diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica precoces, para manutenção da qualidade de vida do animal e manutenção de ganhos zootécnicos em animais de produção.

Birds of prey play an important role in the ecological balance of several biomes, but their proximity to urban areas often causes harm to the animal. The investigation of clinical surgical approaches requires a precise understanding of the anatomical system, especially when applied to imaging exams of wild animals. In this article we present the clinical anatomy of the long bones of Rupornis magnirostris, roadside hawk, focusing on its express form in the imaging tests adopted. Cadavers were submitted to digital radiography and computed tomography, providing models of both two-dimensional images and three-dimensional images of long bones through the segmentation of tomographic images, both 2D and 3D data were contrasted by anatomical dissection. In this article we obtain: (1) A summary of the nomenclature used in the literature of the long bones of the birds perceived in the imaging examinations. The approach presented here provides considerable advantages for the interpretation and communication of anatomical information and its visualization; (2) the 3D model produced from the segmentation process as an interactive model in the form of an embedded 3D image, which can be viewed at any angle and size, allowing the structure to be evidenced as necessary to provide an understanding of the normal anatomy of long bones of this species.

Em cada postura, uma fêmea deposita entre 25-40 ovos e com período de incubação de aproximadamente 70-80 dias. O sexo dos embriões é determinado pela temperatura no ninho; temperaturas inferiores a 30ºC produzem filhotes fêmeas e superiores a 30ºC, machos (^{Marques, 2007}). A temperatura também é um fator determinante para a frequência cardíaca (FC) e o movimento dos embriões, influenciando sobre a taxa metabólica e consequentemente sobre o seu desenvolvimento (^{Du et al., 2011}).