Lactate metabolism plays a pivotal role in cancers but is often overlooked in lung cancer (LC). Folate deficiency has been linked to lung cancer development, but its impact on lactate metabolism and cancer malignancy is unclear. To investigate this, mice were fed either a folate-deficient (FD) or control diet and intrapleurally implanted with lung cancer cells pre-exposed to FD growth medium. Results showed that FD promoted lactate over-production and the formation of tumor oncospheroids (LCSs) with increased metastatic, migration, and invasion potential. Mice implanted with these cells and fed an FD diet developed hyperlactatemia in blood and lungs. This coincided with increased expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and decreased expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Pre-treatment of the FD-LCS-implanted mice with the mTORC1 inhibitor, rapamycin, and the anti-metabolic drug metformin abolished FD/LCS-activated mTORC1 and its targets including HIF1α, HK2, LDH, and monocarboxylate transporters (MCT1 and MCT4), which coincided with the reduction in lactate disorders and prevention of LC metastasis. The findings suggest that dietary FD promotes lactate metabolic disorders that sensitize lung cancer metastasis through mTOR-signaling-mediated targets.

Antrodia cinnamomea is a Taiwanese medicinal mushroom with multiple pharmacological activities. Antrodia cinnamomea solid‐state cultivated mycelium (LAC) exerts health‐related effects in animal and cell models, but clinical data is limited. This study aimed to determine the safety and effects of LAC on human physiological functions. In an open‐label, single‐arm study, 32 healthy men and women ingested LAC capsules for three months. The subjects were monitored during the study and one month after the study end‐point. LAC consumption did not significantly change fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and triglyceride levels or liver and renal function indices. No adverse events occurred during the trial. Moreover, a significant change from baseline in total cholesterol levels was observed; men and women had decreases of 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Based on these, the ingestion of LAC‐capsule has a considerable degree of safety and has the potential to reduce total cholesterol in healthy adults.

LEAC-102 is an emerging drug extracted from the medicinal fungus Antrodia cinnamomea (AC), which is traditionally used to ameliorate fatigue and liver disorders arising from excessive alcohol consu...

Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) is the most common diagnosis within the spectrum of feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), accounting for approximately 60–65% of cases presenting with lower urinary tract signs (LUTS), particularly in male cats with narrow urethras. FIC is now recognized as a systemic stress-sensitive disorder characterized by neuroendocrine dysregulation and urothelial barrier dysfunction, rather than a purely local bladder disease. Multimodal environmental modification (MEMO) is the cornerstone of therapy, but recurrence rates remain high, and many cats experience repeated episodes despite environmental optimization. This prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of a novel multi-nutrient supplement (HT-3) containing cranberry extract and marigold extract, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), inulin, spirulina, and L-lysine as an adjunct to standardized MEMO in neutered male cats with recurrent FIC. We hypothesized that HT-3 would significantly reduce LUTS severity, prolong the disease-free interval (DFI), reduce the recurrence rate, and favorably modulate urinary biomarkers and behavior compared with MEMO plus placebo. Thirty neutered male cats with documented recurrent FIC were enrolled in a 6‑month randomized placebo‑controlled exploratory pilot study. All cats received a strictly standardized MEMO protocol and were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either HT-3 or an isocaloric placebo. The primary endpoints were cumulative LUTS scores, recurrence rate, and DFI at 6 months. The secondary endpoints included urinalysis parameters, urinary cortisol: creatinine ratio (UCCR), urinary glycosaminoglycan: creatinine ratio (GAG: Cr), and behavioral scores. Short‑term (2‑week), intermediate (3‑month), and long‑term (6‑month) responses were analyzed. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the groups. Both groups showed early improvement at 2 weeks following MEMO implementation; however, the HT-3 group demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in LUTS scores by week 4 (− 63.8% vs. −39.3%, p = 0.01) and maintained lower scores through month 6 (1.2 ± 0.6 vs. 2.8 ± 1.0, p = 0.002). The recurrence rate over 6 months was 13.3% (2/15) in the HT-3 group versus 40.0% (6/15) in the placebo group (p = 0.05). Mean DFI was longer in the HT-3 group (162 ± 15 vs. 110 ± 35 days, p = 0.01), and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significantly higher recurrence-free probability over 6 months (log-rank p = 0.03). The HT-3 group showed greater reductions in UCCR (− 45% vs. −20%, p = 0.05) and a significant increase in urinary GAG: Cr (+ 25% vs. no change, p = 0.02). Behavioral scores showed greater reductions in fear-related and hiding behaviors, together with greater improvements in social interaction, in the HT-3 group than in the placebo group (p < 0.01). The multi-nutrient supplement HT-3, when implemented alongside a standardized MEMO protocol, offers a practical supportive option for reducing symptom burden and recurrence risk in male cats with recurrent FIC. These preliminary pilot findings require confirmation in larger, more tightly standardized studies.