This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers in older adults. The current literature was searched using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify controlled clinical trials in English. Ten articles met the inclusion criteria. The mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the overall effect size was calculated for all comparisons. The PEDro scale was used to evaluate the quality of articles. The findings indicated that aerobic exercise training led to an improvement in inflammatory markers in older adults: IL-6 (mean difference = 0.939, Z = 2.857, P = 0.004), CRP (mean difference = 0.853, Z = 3.060, P = 0.002), TNF-α (mean difference = 0.705, Z = 3.094, P = 0.002), IL-10 (mean difference = 1.511, Z = 2.036, P = 0.042). This review demonstrates that aerobic exercise training significantly improves inflammatory markers in older adults, reducing CRP, TNF-α, and IL-6, while increasing IL-10, with particular benefits for populations at risk for chronic inflammatory diseases. According to the results of this review, an effective aerobic exercise program should include moderate to high intensity (60-80% HRmax or HRR), sessions lasting 30 to 60 min, and a frequency of 2 to 3 times per week.

"Exercise Training, Neuregulin 4 and Obesity" is an "Editorial Article" and hasn't

Objectives: It is observed that the levels of retinol binding protein-4 (RBP-4) and cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in people with obesity, diabetes and low physical activity, such as postmenopausal females, are more than those of the healthy individuals. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of eight weeks of circuit resistance training (CRT) and Zataria multiflora supplementation (ZMSuppl) on RBP-4 and TNF-α in postmenopausal females. Methods: Forty-eight untrained postmenopausal females participated in the study and were divided into four groups (n = 12) of control (Con), CRT, ZMSuppl and CRT along with ZMSuppl (CRT + ZMSuppl). CRT program included 12 stations (30 seconds for each station, 85% one repetition maximum) for eight weeks (three sessions/week). 500 mg of ZMSuppl was consumed daily after breakfast in ZMSuppl and CRT + ZMSuppl groups. Blood samples were taken 48 hours before the first session and 48 hour after the last session of training to measure plasma RBP-4 and TNF-α. Results: A significant reduction was observed in plasma TNF-α in the CRT + ZMSuppl group in comparison with Con (P < 0.05). In addition, a significant reduction was observed in plasma RBP-4 in both CRT and CRT + ZMSuppl groups in comparison with Con (P < 0.01) and ZMSuppl (P < 0.01). Conclusions: The current study showed that intense CRT causes significant reduction only in plasma RBP-4; but this reduction was higher in RBP-4 and also in TNF-α, when ZMSuppl was added to CRT. Therefore, it may be an effective method to reduce disorders and abnormalities related to inflammatory factors resulting from menopause. Keywords: Circuit Resistance Training; Retinol Binding Protein-4; Tumor Necrosis Factor-α; Postmenopausal Females; Zataria multiflora Supplementation