Premature senescence is a common occurrence in rice production, and seriously affects rice plants’ nutrient utilization and growth. A total of 120 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were obtained from successive self-crossing of F₁₂ generations derived from Huazhan and Nekken2. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), content and catalase (CAT) activity related to the anti-senescence traits and enzyme activity index of rice were measured for QTL mapping using 4858 SNPs. Thirteen QTLs related to anti-senescence were found, among which the highest LOD score was 5.70. Eighteen anti-senescence-related genes were found in these regions, and ten of them differed significantly between the parents. It was inferred that LOC_Os01g61500, LOC_Os01g61810, and LOC_Os04g40130 became involved in the regulation of the anti-senescence molecular network upon upregulation of their expression levels. The identified anti-senescence-related QTLs and candidate genes provide a genetic basis for further research on the mechanism of the molecular network that regulates premature senescence.