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Prof. Teresa Donateo
University of Salento

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Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Energy Conversion and Management
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This paper deals with hybrid electric fuel cell-powered drones energy management while targeting hydrogen saving and power supply system efficiency improvement. In this context, a commercially available quadcopter powered by the Intelligent Energy 650 W power module is adopted as a case study. Its power supply system is based on fuel cell and battery, and the power is conventionally managed using a basic rule-based strategy. To improve power management, a frequency separation rule-based approach is first proposed, and then an equivalent consumption minimization strategy is implemented for fuel economy seeking. An experimental flight test is carried out using a battery-powered hexacopter to extract a real power profile for load requirement modeling. The obtained load profile is repeated several times replicating the hovering phase to obtain a larger mission lifetime. Extensive simulation results clearly show that the proposed power management strategies enables power sources operating in their nominal area, extending their lifetimes, and inducing 3% minimization in hydrogen consumption. This optimization extends the drone endurance as much as the carried fuel amount, and it can increase the world endurance record by 21.81min. It has also an economical benefit, which consists in the operating cost gain reaching 853.2€ per fuel cell module lifecycle. In fleet missions, this gain may further be increased.

ACS Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Muhammad Fahad Zia; Mohamed Benbouzid; Zhibin Zhou; Teresa Donateo. Hybrid fuel cell powered drones energy management strategy improvement and hydrogen saving using real flight test data. Energy Conversion and Management 2021, 236, 113987 .

AMA Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine, Muhammad Fahad Zia, Mohamed Benbouzid, Zhibin Zhou, Teresa Donateo. Hybrid fuel cell powered drones energy management strategy improvement and hydrogen saving using real flight test data. Energy Conversion and Management. 2021; 236 ():113987.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Muhammad Fahad Zia; Mohamed Benbouzid; Zhibin Zhou; Teresa Donateo. 2021. "Hybrid fuel cell powered drones energy management strategy improvement and hydrogen saving using real flight test data." Energy Conversion and Management 236, no. : 113987.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Aerospace Science and Technology
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This study addresses the optimization of the energy flows in a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for air-taxi operation in order to minimize the fuel consumption on four typical missions (defined in terms of power and altitude profiles) and contemporarily allowing electric back-up operation at any time during the mission. The proposed parallel hybrid electric powertrain includes a turboshaft engine, two electric machines, a lithium ion battery and all necessary control systems. The powertrain is modeled with an empirical but comprehensive approach in order to make possible the combination with numerical optimization algorithms. In particular, the battery is modeled with an electric equivalent circuit model that includes the effect of battery aging. The fuel consumption of the turboshaft engines is calculated with a mathematical function of power request, altitude and Mach number whose coefficients are fitted by means of comparison with the commercial code Gas-turbine Simulation Program (GSP). The optimization of the energy management of the hybrid powertrain is performed in two steps. The first one was the application of Dynamic Programming in order to obtain the optimal usage of the battery for a given mission (target values) and to provide insights into how to develop a suitable on-line optimizer to be applied during the real operation of the rotorcraft. For this second step analysis, the authors developed a version of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy opportunely adapted to the specific case of an aerial vehicle with turboshaft engine, in particular taking in to account the desired state of charge and the actual state of health of the battery. After an off-line optimization of its parameters with a multi-objective approach, the on-line optimizer guaranteed results similar to the target values and allowed a reduction of the fuel burn ranging between 10% and 22% with respect to using only the thermal engine to power the rotor shaft and without any need to adapt the parameters in case of aged battery.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. Off-line and on-line optimization of the energy management strategy in a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for urban air-mobility. Aerospace Science and Technology 2021, 113, 106677 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, Luciano Strafella, Antonio Ficarella. Off-line and on-line optimization of the energy management strategy in a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for urban air-mobility. Aerospace Science and Technology. 2021; 113 ():106677.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. 2021. "Off-line and on-line optimization of the energy management strategy in a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for urban air-mobility." Aerospace Science and Technology 113, no. : 106677.

Conference paper
Published: 30 January 2021 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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In this study, a hybrid electric helicopter for air-taxi operations is considered. The drivetrain includes a turboshaft engine and two electric machines, fed by a lithium ion battery. In previous works, some of the authors developed a simple but thorough modelling approach for the electric path of the power system that was validated by means of experimental data from literature. In this investigation simulation results from the Gas-turbine Simulation Program (GSP) commercial environment were used to develop and validate an off design model for the turboshaft. The second innovative contribution of the paper is the application of Dynamic Programming to four different missions of the helicopter to quantify the fuel saving potentiality of hybridization and also as benchmark for future online control strategies. A constraint was considered in the investigation to allow at any time the electric backup in case of engine failure. The results of DPM showed that it is possible to obtain a reduction of fuel burn from 12% to 24% (with respect to using only the engine to move the rotor) depending on the specification of the mission and the state of health of the battery. Moreover, it was proved that charging the battery on board is not necessary in this kind of application.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia de Pascalis; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. Optimal Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for Urban Air-Mobility. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2021, 1024, 012074 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Claudia Lucia de Pascalis, Luciano Strafella, Antonio Ficarella. Optimal Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for Urban Air-Mobility. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2021; 1024 (1):012074.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia de Pascalis; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. 2021. "Optimal Energy Management of a Hybrid Electric Helicopter for Urban Air-Mobility." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1024, no. 1: 012074.

Conference paper
Published: 22 October 2020 in E3S Web of Conferences
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Several studies in literature have shown how real-world emissions strongly depend on driving condition, driving style, ambient temperature and humidity, etc. so that they are significantly different from the values measured on test benches over standard driving cycles. This concern, together with the so-called Diesel-gate, has caused the introduction in Europe of an innovative procedure for the registration of vehicle based on real driving emissions (RDE) measured with a portable emission measurement system (PEMS). PEMS devices are bulky and very expensive, therefore they cannot be extensively for an actual real time monitoring of emissions. To solve this problem, the present work proposes a Neural Network model based on the interpolation of the time-histories of driving conditions (speed, altitude, ambient temperature, humidity and pressure) and emissions measured on a diesel start-and-stop vehicle while performing a series of RDE tests. Two different approaches are proposed. The first one calculates the emissions on the basis of the vehicle motion (speed and altitude profile, ambient conditions). The second one models the engine block using as input the ambient conditions, the load and the rpm of the engine as derived from the OBD-II scanner. The output of both models are the flow rates and cumulated values of CO2 and NOx. Note that the inputs of the two models are signal that can easily obtained on-board without additional sensors.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Riccardo Filomena. Real time estimation of emissions in a diesel vehicle with neural networks. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 197, 06020 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Riccardo Filomena. Real time estimation of emissions in a diesel vehicle with neural networks. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 197 ():06020.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Riccardo Filomena. 2020. "Real time estimation of emissions in a diesel vehicle with neural networks." E3S Web of Conferences 197, no. : 06020.

Conference paper
Published: 22 October 2020 in E3S Web of Conferences
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The electrification of aircraft is a well-established trend in recent years in order to achieve economic and environmental sustainability. In this framework, an application particularly interesting for hybrid electric power system is represented by urban air-mobility. For this application, the authors presented a parallel hybrid electric power system including a turboshaft engine and two electric motors and proposed a quasi-stationary simulation tool. As a further step, this paper deals with the dynamic modelling of the same turboshaft engine within the framework of a hybrid electric system where the pilot command is interpreted as a power request to be satisfied by the engine and the electric machine according to the selected energy management strategy. In this work, the dynamic behaviour of the turboshaft engine is analysed with and without the help of the electric motors to satisfy the power demand.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Ludovico Cucciniello; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. Control Oriented Modelling of a Turboshaft Engine for Hybrid Electric Urban Air-Mobility. E3S Web of Conferences 2020, 197, 05003 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Ludovico Cucciniello, Luciano Strafella, Antonio Ficarella. Control Oriented Modelling of a Turboshaft Engine for Hybrid Electric Urban Air-Mobility. E3S Web of Conferences. 2020; 197 ():05003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Ludovico Cucciniello; Luciano Strafella; Antonio Ficarella. 2020. "Control Oriented Modelling of a Turboshaft Engine for Hybrid Electric Urban Air-Mobility." E3S Web of Conferences 197, no. : 05003.

Conference paper
Published: 18 October 2020 in IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society
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This paper deals with hybrid electric powered drones power management while targeting sources lifetime extension and power supply system efficiency improvement. In this context, a hybrid system topology based on fuel cell, battery, and supercapacitor, is adopted in order to combine different sources characteristics. A real power profile, extracted from experimental flight tests of a small hexacopter, is used to model the load requirement. For power management purposes, a frequency separation approach is combined with rule-based strategy to split the demand power between the three sources using DC/DC converters. The achieved simulation results clearly show that the proposed power management strategy enables extending the fuel cell and battery lifetimes inducing faster response and therefore improving the drone maneuverability.

ACS Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Zhibin Zhou; Mohamed Benbouzid; Teresa Donateo. A Frequency Separation Rule-based Power Management Strategy for a Hybrid Fuel Cell-Powered Drone. IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society 2020, 4975 -4980.

AMA Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine, Zhibin Zhou, Mohamed Benbouzid, Teresa Donateo. A Frequency Separation Rule-based Power Management Strategy for a Hybrid Fuel Cell-Powered Drone. IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. 2020; ():4975-4980.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Zhibin Zhou; Mohamed Benbouzid; Teresa Donateo. 2020. "A Frequency Separation Rule-based Power Management Strategy for a Hybrid Fuel Cell-Powered Drone." IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society , no. : 4975-4980.

Conference paper
Published: 15 September 2020 in 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES)
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This paper deals with fuel cell-powered drones power management while targeting fuel cell lifetime extension. In this context, a hybrid system topology, based on a fuel cell, a supercapacitor, and a DC/DC boost converter, is adopted so as to achieve a high efficiency lightweight drone platform. System components are first sized according to the drone mission requirements and the electric sources characteristics. For power management purposes, a frequency separation-based approach is adopted to share the requested power between the two sources. Indeed, the flight power demand profile is split into high and low frequency components. In this context, the fuel cell is controlled with the DC/DC boost converter to handle low frequency components while the supercapacitor supplies or absorbs all the power peaks. Simulations are carried out using a real power profile extracted from an experimental flight test of a small hexacopter. The achieved results clearly show that the proposed power management strategy enables extending the fuel cell lifetime inducing faster response and therefore improving the drone maneuverability.

ACS Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Zhibin Zhou; Mohamed Benbouzid; Teresa Donateo. Frequency Separation-based Power Management Strategy for a Fuel Cell-Powered Drone. 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES) 2020, 209 -214.

AMA Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine, Zhibin Zhou, Mohamed Benbouzid, Teresa Donateo. Frequency Separation-based Power Management Strategy for a Fuel Cell-Powered Drone. 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES). 2020; ():209-214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed Nadir Boukoberine; Zhibin Zhou; Mohamed Benbouzid; Teresa Donateo. 2020. "Frequency Separation-based Power Management Strategy for a Fuel Cell-Powered Drone." 2020 2nd International Conference on Smart Power & Internet Energy Systems (SPIES) , no. : 209-214.

Journal article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Extreme Mechanics Letters
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In this paper we employ genetic algorithms in order to theoretically design a range of phononic media that can act to prevent or ensure antiplane elastic wave propagation over a specific range of low frequencies, with each case corresponding to a specific pre-stress level. The medium described consists of an array of cylindrical annuli embedded inside an elastic matrix. The annuli are considered as capable of large strain and their constitutive response is described by the popular Mooney–Rivlin strain energy function. The simple nature of the medium described is an alternative approach to topology optimization in phononic media, which although useful, often gives rise to complex phase distributions inside a composite material, leading to more complicated manufacturing requirements.

ACS Style

Riccardo De Pascalis; Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; William J. Parnell. Optimal design of phononic media through genetic algorithm-informed pre-stress for the control of antiplane wave propagation. Extreme Mechanics Letters 2020, 40, 100896 .

AMA Style

Riccardo De Pascalis, Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella, William J. Parnell. Optimal design of phononic media through genetic algorithm-informed pre-stress for the control of antiplane wave propagation. Extreme Mechanics Letters. 2020; 40 ():100896.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Riccardo De Pascalis; Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; William J. Parnell. 2020. "Optimal design of phononic media through genetic algorithm-informed pre-stress for the control of antiplane wave propagation." Extreme Mechanics Letters 40, no. : 100896.

Journal article
Published: 13 May 2020 in Aerospace
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The interest in electric and hybrid electric power systems for aircraft and rotorcraft has been increasing significantly in recent years. However, advanced simulation tools still need to be developed to exploit the potentiality and address the complexity of these systems. The goal of this investigation is to propose a modeling approach for the degradation of the battery performance during its aging, and to use such model to quantify the fuel economy and operability of a hybrid electric helicopter both in normal AirTaxi operation and in the case of engine failure. The proposed method is based on experimental data for lithium batteries retrieved in the literature. The battery model is included in a comprehensive simulation tool where the turboshaft engine and the electric machine are simulated with a simple but thorough approach that takes into account the part-load behavior of both energy converters. The present investigation also proposes and compares different strategies for the use of the battery during the AirTaxi mission showing that it is possible to reduce fuel consumption up to 11% when the battery is at the beginning of its life. When the battery comes close to its end of life, it is necessary to use an energy management strategy which ensures a sustainment of its state of charge at the expenses of a lower fuel saving.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella. A Modeling Approach for the Effect of Battery Aging on the Performance of a Hybrid Electric Rotorcraft for Urban Air-Mobility. Aerospace 2020, 7, 56 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella. A Modeling Approach for the Effect of Battery Aging on the Performance of a Hybrid Electric Rotorcraft for Urban Air-Mobility. Aerospace. 2020; 7 (5):56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella. 2020. "A Modeling Approach for the Effect of Battery Aging on the Performance of a Hybrid Electric Rotorcraft for Urban Air-Mobility." Aerospace 7, no. 5: 56.

Conference paper
Published: 17 December 2019 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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In a previous work, the authors optimized the hybrid electric power system for a tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle including a Wankel engine as thermal converter and a permanent magnet electric motor powered by lithium batteries. Startingfrom this optimal configuration, we address here the topic of a refined optimization of the energy management strategy, i.e. the contribution of the battery to the required power in each segment of the flight. The Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) was chosen with the goal of minimizing fuel consumption while fully depleting the energy stored in the battery from the beginning to the end of each mission.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. An Application of the ECMS Strategy to a Wankel Hybrid Electric UAV. MATEC Web of Conferences 2019, 304, 03010 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, Antonio Ficarella. An Application of the ECMS Strategy to a Wankel Hybrid Electric UAV. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019; 304 ():03010.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. 2019. "An Application of the ECMS Strategy to a Wankel Hybrid Electric UAV." MATEC Web of Conferences 304, no. : 03010.

Conference paper
Published: 17 December 2019 in SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019
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In this study, a methodology is proposed for designing turboprop engines and evaluating their off-design performance. It involves optimization steps for the choice of some of the system design parameters and adaptive scaling methods for the turbomachinery and propeller maps. Results show that it leads to a good estimation of the performance of the real architecture of the existing aircraft and is suitable to be used for innovative application such as the sizing of the engine for advanced propulsion systems like the hybrid-electric architectures with increasing hybridization factor.

ACS Style

C. L. De Pascalis; Teresa Donateo; A. Ficarella. A scalable model for design and control of turboprop engines for advanced propulsion systems. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019 2019, 2191, 020061 .

AMA Style

C. L. De Pascalis, Teresa Donateo, A. Ficarella. A scalable model for design and control of turboprop engines for advanced propulsion systems. SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. 2019; 2191 (1):020061.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C. L. De Pascalis; Teresa Donateo; A. Ficarella. 2019. "A scalable model for design and control of turboprop engines for advanced propulsion systems." SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019 2191, no. 1: 020061.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimization of design and energy management in a parallel hybrid-electric powertrain to replace the conventional engine of an existing tactical unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with a Wankel engine with a pre-defined flight mission. The proposed powertrain can work in four different operating modes: electric, thermal, power-assist and charging. Design/methodology/approach The power request at propeller axis of each flight segment is used as input for an in-house model that calculates the overall fuel consumption throughout the mission (Mfuel) and the maximum payload weight (Wpay) by means of an average-point analysis. These outputs depend on the energy management strategy that is expressed by the power-split ratio between engine and electric phase (Uphase) of each mission phase, according to which the components of the hybrid system are sized. The in-house model is integrated into an optimization framework to find the optimal set of Uphase and battery size that minimizes Mfuel and maximizes Wpay. Findings It was found a 3.24% saving of the fuel mass burned throughout the mission (or, alternative an improvement of endurance by 4.3%) with about the same maximum-payload mass (+0.2%) of the original configuration, or a smaller fuel saving with +11% more payload. The fuel saving of 3.24% corresponds to −3.25% in total emissions of CO2and a 2.34% reduction of the cost-per-mission. Practical implications This study demonstrates that environmental advantages, even if limited, can be already obtained from optimal design and management of the hybrid power system with today technologies while waiting for further benefits from the introduction of advanced technologies for batteries and electric machines. Originality/value The main novelties are the design of the powertrain on the basis of the energy management and the application of scalability and hybridization to Wankel engines.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis. Energy management-based design of a Wankel hybrid-electric UAV. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 2019, 92, 701 -715.

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis. Energy management-based design of a Wankel hybrid-electric UAV. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. 2019; 92 (5):701-715.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis. 2019. "Energy management-based design of a Wankel hybrid-electric UAV." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 5: 701-715.

Conference paper
Published: 01 July 2019 in 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP)
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Zn-air devices can be used as either batteries or fuel cells. In both implementations, they hold great promises for future energy applications thanks to their relatively inexpensive and environmentally friendly raw materials, compared with the precious metal catalyst such as platinum, ruthenium or palladium used in other technologies. This work describes the results of the experimental characterization of a Zn-air fuel cell and its comparison, in terms of performance and efficiency with a “standard” fuel cell system represented by a PEM cell fed by hydrogen. The novelty of the investigation with respect to the state of the art is the characterization of Zn as a fuel and the analysis of the overall efficiency of the cell including thermodynamics, polarization and fuel usage losses. Moreover, the effect of electrolyte flow rate and electrolyte aging on the polarization curve of a Zn-air is analyzed.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; C. Mele; Francesca Rossi; B. Bozzini. Characterization of Zn-air fuel cells for usage in energy storage and propulsion system. 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP) 2019, 518 -526.

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, C. Mele, Francesca Rossi, B. Bozzini. Characterization of Zn-air fuel cells for usage in energy storage and propulsion system. 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP). 2019; ():518-526.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; C. Mele; Francesca Rossi; B. Bozzini. 2019. "Characterization of Zn-air fuel cells for usage in energy storage and propulsion system." 2019 International Conference on Clean Electrical Power (ICCEP) , no. : 518-526.

Journal article
Published: 06 March 2019 in Aerospace
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The interest in electric and hybrid electric power system has been increasing, in recent times, due to the benefits of this technology, such as high power-to-weight ratio, reliability, compactness, quietness, and, above all, elimination of local pollutant emissions. One of the key factors of these technologies is the possibility to exploit the synergy between powertrain, structure, and mission. This investigation addresses this topic by applying multi-objective optimization to two test cases — a fixed-wing, tail-sitter, Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (VTOL-UAV), and a Medium-Altitude Long-Endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (MALE-UAV). Cruise time and payload weight were selected as goals for the first optimization problem, while fuel consumption and electric endurance were selected for the second one. The optimizations were performed with Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and S-Metric Selection Evolutionary Multiobjective Algorithm (SMS-EMOA), by taking several constraints into account. The VTOL-UAV optimization was performed, at different levels (structure only, power system only, structure and power system together). To better underline the synergic effect of electrification, the potential benefit of structural integration and multi-functionalization was also addressed. The optimization of the MALE-UAV was performed at two different levels (power system only, power system, and mission profile together), to explore the synergic effect of hybridization. Results showed that large improvements could be obtained, either in the first test case when, both, the powertrain design and the aircraft structure were considered, and in the optimization of the hybrid electric UAV, where the optimization of the aircraft flight path gave a strong contribution to the overall performances.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. Synergy Effects in Electric and Hybrid Electric Aircraft. Aerospace 2019, 6, 32 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, Antonio Ficarella. Synergy Effects in Electric and Hybrid Electric Aircraft. Aerospace. 2019; 6 (3):32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. 2019. "Synergy Effects in Electric and Hybrid Electric Aircraft." Aerospace 6, no. 3: 32.

Journal article
Published: 04 February 2019 in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze real-world flight data of a piston engine training aircraft collected from an internet-based radar service, along with wind data provided by a weather forecast model, and to use such data to design a hybrid electric power system. Design/methodology/approach The modeling strategy starts from the power demand imposed by a real-world wind-corrected flight profile, where speed and altitude are provided as functions of time, and goes through the calculation of the efficiency of the powertrain components when they meet such demand. Each component of the power system and, in particular, the engine and the propeller, is simulated as a black box with an efficiency depending on the actual working conditions. In the case of hybrid electric power system, the battery charging and discharging processes are simulated with the Shepherd model. Findings The variability of power demand and fuel consumption for a training aircraft is analyzed by applying the proposed methodology to the Piper PA-28-180 Cherokee, a very popular aircraft used for flight training, air taxi and personal use. The potentiality of hybridization is assessed by analyzing the usage of the engine over more than 90 flights. A tentative sizing of a hybrid electric power system is also proposed. It guarantees a fuel saving of about 5%. Originality/value The scientific contribution and the novelty of the investigation are related to the modeling methodology, which takes into account real-world flight conditions, and the application of hybridization to a training aircraft.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Roberto Totaro. Hybridization of training aircraft with real world flight profiles. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 2019, 91, 353 -365.

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Roberto Totaro. Hybridization of training aircraft with real world flight profiles. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. 2019; 91 (2):353-365.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Roberto Totaro. 2019. "Hybridization of training aircraft with real world flight profiles." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 2: 353-365.

Conference paper
Published: 21 November 2018 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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This study aims at investigating the synergy between powertrain and structure within the design process of a fixed-wing tail-sitter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The UAV is equipped with a pure-electric power system and has vertical take-off and landing capabilities (VTOL). The problem is addressed by running a contemporary optimization of the parameters of both the powertrain and the UAV’s structure, in order to maximize electric endurance and payload weight through the usage of a performant multi-objective evolutionary algorithm named SMS-EMOA. Three different designs are selected, discussed and compared with literature results on the same UAV to quantify the increase of payload and cruise time that can be obtained by exploiting the synergy between structure and powertrain. The potentiality of furtherly improving payload through the usage of multi-functional panels, while keeping the same endurance, is also quantified and compared with the technologies proposed in literature.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. Electric Aircraft: Exploiting the Synergy between Powertrain, Energy Management and Structure. MATEC Web of Conferences 2018, 233, 00026 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, Antonio Ficarella. Electric Aircraft: Exploiting the Synergy between Powertrain, Energy Management and Structure. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2018; 233 ():00026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Claudia Lucia De Pascalis; Antonio Ficarella. 2018. "Electric Aircraft: Exploiting the Synergy between Powertrain, Energy Management and Structure." MATEC Web of Conferences 233, no. : 00026.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2018 in Energy Procedia
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The goal of this work is to evaluate the benefit of the hybridization of a Compact Wheel Loader (CWL) and to put into evidence the effect of the component size on its performance. To do this, a mathematical model has been developed using a backward approach, i.e. starting from the power request on a typical duty cycle made available by an industrial partner. The goals for the choice of the hybridization architecture were: minimizing fuel consumption, ensuring the simplicity of driveline and power management and ensuring compatibility with the vehicle structure.. A reduction up to 14% of fuel consumption was estimated in this investigation by combining engine downsizing with the usage of a Continuous Variable Transmission together with an optimization of the battery capacity and voltage.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Asclepio Nicolazzo. Preliminary design of a hybrid electric powertrain for a earthmoving machine. Energy Procedia 2018, 148, 495 -502.

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Asclepio Nicolazzo. Preliminary design of a hybrid electric powertrain for a earthmoving machine. Energy Procedia. 2018; 148 ():495-502.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Asclepio Nicolazzo. 2018. "Preliminary design of a hybrid electric powertrain for a earthmoving machine." Energy Procedia 148, no. : 495-502.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2018 in Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology
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This paper addressed some critical issues in the development of hybrid electric powertrains for aircraft and propose a design methodology based on multi-objective optimization algorithms and mission-based simulations. Scalable models were used for the main components of the powertrain, namely, the (two stroke diesel) engine, the (lithium) batteries and the (permanent magnet) motor. The optimization was performed with the NSGA-II genetic algorithm coupled with an in-house MATLAB tool. The input parameters were the size of engine, the hybridization degree and the specification of the battery (typology, nominal capacity, bus voltage, etc.). The outputs were electric endurance, additional volume, performance parameters and fuel consumption over a specified mission. Electric endurance was below 30 min in the two test cases (unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) but, thanks to the recharging of the batteries on-board, the total electric time was higher. Fuel consumption was very high for the largest UAV, while an improvement of 11 per cent with respect to a conventional configuration was obtained for the smallest one. The research used a simplified approach for flight mechanics. Some components were not sized in the proposed test cases. The results of the test cases stressed the importance of improving energy density and power density of the electric path. The proposed methodology is aimed at minimizing the environmental impact of aircraft. The proposed methodology was obtained from the automotive field with several original contributions to account for the aircraft application.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Luigi Spedicato. A method to analyze and optimize hybrid electric architectures applied to unmanned aerial vehicles. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 2018, 90, 828 -842.

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella, Luigi Spedicato. A method to analyze and optimize hybrid electric architectures applied to unmanned aerial vehicles. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology. 2018; 90 (5):828-842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Luigi Spedicato. 2018. "A method to analyze and optimize hybrid electric architectures applied to unmanned aerial vehicles." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 5: 828-842.

Proceedings article
Published: 11 June 2018 in SAE Technical Paper Series
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The new European Commission Regulations for vehicle certification include a new laboratory procedure for fuel consumption and require Real Driving Emissions (RDE) to be gauged on-road with Portable Emissions Measurement Systems (PEMS). The goal of this investigation is to underline some critical issues in the development of RDE cycles with particular reference to the repeatability on-road and the reproducibility on-track. More specifically, the study includes an optimization of the route for RDE cycles to ensure robustness with respect to traffic conditions, an analysis of emissions variability on-road in hot weather and a discussion about the possibility to reproduce RDE cycles on-track. The tests were performed with a start&stop Diesel Class3b vehicle that was equipped with a PEMS instrumentation and tested over an optimized route in summer in the southern Italy. The tests on the track were performed on the testing facilities of the Nardò Technical Center. The emissions levels measured in the on-road and on-track test were found to be strongly affected by ambient conditions together with engine load and speed and cycle specification in terms of speed and acceleration. This result underlines the necessity of improving the corrections for NOx versus ambient temperature and humidity used in the European Regulation and suggests the possibility to correlate the emissions of NOx and CO2 to some parameters of RDE tests: vehicle speed and acceleration, engine load and speed, ambient temperature and humidity.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Mattia Giovinazzi. Some Repeatability and Reproducibility Issues in Real Driving Emission Tests. SAE Technical Paper Series 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Mattia Giovinazzi. Some Repeatability and Reproducibility Issues in Real Driving Emission Tests. SAE Technical Paper Series. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Mattia Giovinazzi. 2018. "Some Repeatability and Reproducibility Issues in Real Driving Emission Tests." SAE Technical Paper Series , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 11 June 2018 in Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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To explore the application of dynamic programming (DP) to the energy management strategies of hybrid electric aircraft, a hybrid powertrain for a lightweight rotorcraft is introduced and its dynamic control model is designed. The model is conceived for the Agusta-Westland A109 helicopter, a twin-engine rotorcraft used in various roles, such as light transport, search-and-rescue and military roles. The turboshaft single spool engines are modeled with the use of performance maps that allow part load specific fuel consumption to be calculated as a function of actual power request and flight conditions. The state-of-the-art lithium polymer batteries are used for the hybridization and their behavior is evaluated by the Sheperd-Peukert model. The control problem is modeled through a graph structure where a node is obtained from the intersection between a time value, representing the starting of a phase of flight, and a splitting factor, representing the percentage of propulsive power required to the battery in such a phase. The edge connecting two nodes concerns with the state transition and the weight of the edge refers to the transition cost. The goal is to find an optimal splitting sequence to minimize the total cost over the whole mission, that is given with regard to speed and altitude. The Dijkstra algorithm, which allows the shortest energy path to be found between nodes in a graph, is used to look for the optimum. A local optimum is achieved when the cost is defined as the fuel consumption whereas the global optimum can be attained when the model is enhanced to include the effect of the battery usage into the cost. The results are compared with the original non-hybrid case and the engine efficiency was suitable evaluated. The applicability to other mission data is suitably evaluated so as to deduce the concept of similarity of mission.

ACS Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Luigi Spedicato. Applying Dynamic Programming Algorithms to the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Aircraft. Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella, Luigi Spedicato. Applying Dynamic Programming Algorithms to the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Aircraft. Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teresa Donateo; Antonio Ficarella; Luigi Spedicato. 2018. "Applying Dynamic Programming Algorithms to the Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Aircraft." Volume 3: Coal, Biomass, and Alternative Fuels; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power; Industrial and Cogeneration; Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems , no. : 1.