In modern societies, the need for a high degree of mobility in transportation systems is increasingly evident. Consequently, the establishment of a sustainable transport system that aligns with social needs, economic growth, and environmental concerns becomes paramount. This chapter aims to shed light on the role of transport in sustainable development and the challenges associated with achieving sustainable mobility. A thorough analysis of the primary factors contributing to the growing demand for mobility is provided. Additionally, the chapter examines the key decision-makers involved in shaping transportation systems, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of intelligent transportation systems. These systems are considered a vital component in addressing road congestion and enhancing overall traffic performance, such as reducing congestion and noise levels while promoting sustainable mobility.