Background: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) has been considered as one of the probable triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF). CT‐rediomics is a perspective noninvasive method of assessment of EAT. We evaluate the radiomic phenotype of EAT in patients with lone AF in the prognosis of AF recurrence after catheter ablation.Methods: A total of 43 patients with lone AF referred for CA and 20 out‐hospital patients without arrhythmia underwent multidetector computed tomography coronary angiography. Segmentation of EAT and extraction radiomic features were performed on calcium scoring series using by 3D‐Slicer. Clinical follow‐up was performed for 12 months period after the CA.Results: EAT in patients with lone AF had a distinct radiomic phenotype. Thus, 45 of 93 calculated radiomic features, volume and attenuation of EAT were significantly different between patients with lone AF and persons without any arrhythmia. In addition, 17 radiomic features were significantly different in subgroups with and without AF recurrence. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that only gray level nonuniformity normalized (GLSZM) was an independent predictor of AF recurrence (OR 1.0027, 95%CI 1.0009–1.0044, p = 0.002). ROC analysis data showed that GLSZM >1227.4 indicates high probability of AF recurrence during 12 months (sensitivity 89.4%, specificity 70.8%, AUC: 0.809; p = 0.001).Conclusion: The radiomic parameter GLSZM is associated with late AF recurrence after CA in patients with lone AF. In current study GLSZM was a stronger predictor of lone AF recurrence in multivariate analysis comparing with other established risk factors and EAT volume and attenuation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the widest spread forms of arrhythmia, which is associated with the increased mortality and thromboembolic complications. To date, the involvement of renin‐angiotensin‐aldosterone system and immunomediators of inflammation into the mechanisms of development and maintenance of isolated AF is not clear. Specificity of their changes with respect to the latent myocarditis at AF is not proved.Methods: In 96 patients with persistent isolated atrial fibrillation (IsAF), scheduled for radiofrequency ablation and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB), and in 20 healthy volunteers (HVT), levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, fatty acid‐binding protein (FABP), neopterin, C‐reactive protein (CRP) were determined by ELISA, level of aldosterone and the renin activity were determined by radioimmunoassay. Results were compared between the study and HVT groups and related to the EMB data.Results: Endomyocardial biopsy revealed lymphocytic myocarditis in 29%, immunohistochemical signs of viruses' persistence in the myocardium—in 43.8% of patient. We formed 4 subgroups: «myocarditis», «fibrosis», «virus positive», «virus negative». In the group «myocarditis», level of IL‐6 was significantly higher than in group «fibrosis» (P < .01). ROC analysis showed its sensitivity 75%, specificity 75% (AUC = 0.759, Cutoff Value > 1.6 pg/mL, P < .01). In the group «virus positive», level of neopterin was significantly higher than in group «virus negative» (P < .01), with sensitivity 51%, specificity 84% (AUC = 0.675, Cutoff Value > 13.2 nmol/L, P < .01).Conclusion: Levels of plasma IL‐6 and neopterin may serve as a marker of latent viral myocarditis in IsAF.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the current status of nuclear cardiology in the Russian Federation. The data on the number of facilities performing radionuclide investigations for the diagnosis and monitoring of the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, their staffing and equipment are given. The statistics of the conducted nuclear cardiology tests for 2018-2020 are given, as well as their methods, features and diagnostic significance are described.