Estimating actual evapotranspiration (ETa) rates for different crop types grown in large irrigation schemes is of great importance to improve water use efficiency. To that end, crop types over large irrigation areas can be determined by employing remote sensing techniques coupled with ground truth data. This study aimed to: a) conduct a water balance work by realizing in-situ water balance measurements, b) derive cropping pattern maps, c) acquire daily crop evapotranspiration (ETc), d) generate fully distributed ETa maps by remote sensing, and e) compare ETa estimations with ETc and in-situ water balance. Landsat-7 and -8 satellite data and meteorological data were used to estimate ETa in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkey in the 2021 hydrological year. Crop types were classified using Sentinel 2A-2B satellite images. The change in catchment storage was +67.08 mm with a 3.34% water balance closure error. The correlation between ETa and ETc for irrigated wheat, potato, lettuce, corn-1, peanut-1, soybean-2, and citrus was significant in growing season.

Climate variability and change effects each parameter of hydrological cycle. Intensity, duration and frequency of precipitation is the basic information used in the design of bridges, culverts, city storm drainages. In this study, trend analysis of standart duration maximum precipitation was performed for 7 meteorological station equipped with pluviograph and located in Istanbul and around. Data series were divided two equal periods and precipitaion intensity-duration and frequency curves were developed. Except for Kartal MGI, significant increase trend were detected in 6 stations (Sariyer, Kumkoy, Florya, Corlu, Goztepe ve Sile). As an example, relative difference between first and second half is 30% 5 hour standart duration and 2 years frequecy maximum precipitation for Sariyer MGI and Q500 design flood discarge increased 60% Bekar Creek in Sariyer.