Hydrogen is a renewable energy source with various features, clean, carbon-free, high energy density, which is being recognized internationally as a “future energy.” The US, the EU, Japan, South Korea, China, and other countries or regions are gradually clarifying the development position of hydrogen. The rapid development of the hydrogen energy industry requires more hydrogenation infrastructure to meet the hydrogenation need of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. Nevertheless, due to the frequent occurrence of hydrogen infrastructure accidents, their safety has become an obstacle to large-scale construction. This paper analyzed five sizes (diameters of 0.068 mm, 0.215 mm, 0.68 mm, 2.15 mm, and 6.8 mm) of hydrogen leakage in the hydrogen fueling station using Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) and HyRAM software. The results show that unignited leaks occur most frequently; leaks caused by flanges, valves, instruments, compressors, and filters occur more frequently; and the risk indicator of thermal radiation accident and structure collapse accident caused by overpressure exceeds the Chinese individual acceptable risk standard and the risk indicator of a thermal radiation accident and head impact accident caused by overpressure is below the Chinese standard. On the other hand, we simulated the consequences of hydrogen leak from the 45 MPa hydrogen storage vessels by the physic module of HyRAM and obtained the ranges of plume dispersion, jet fire, radiative heat flux, and unconfined overpressure. We suggest targeted preventive measures and safety distance to provide references for hydrogen fueling stations’ safe construction and operation.

Residential photovoltaics (PV) presents an effective means of achieving low-carbon development, owing to its installation flexibility and resource-saving properties. To explore the residents' behavioral intentions to purchase and install residential PV systems, this study collected 1424 samples and analyze the impact of different policies on residents' adoption of residential PV using the theory of TPB and the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). The main conclusions are summarized as follows: (1) Bungalow residents exhibit a stronger inclination to install residential PV than building residents. (2) Perceived reward (PR) affects installation intention (II) more than perceived guide (PG) among bungalow residents. (3) Both PR and PG indirectly affect II through Perceived behavioral control (PBC) among bungalow residents. Economic policies, represented by PR, are likely to have more substantial indirect effects than propaganda and guidance policies. The findings suggest that China's recent residential PV installation policies should increase users' trust and guide the future decline of subsidy policy.

In order to achieve the “dual carbon goal”, the Chinese government is actively encouraging the adoption of household photovoltaic (PV) systems. While there has been considerable research on residents’ inclination to install PV, limited attention has been given to understanding how the installation and utilization of PV systems influence pro-environmental behaviors. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the potential impact of pro-environmental behavior resulting from household PV installation on users’ green purchasing behavior. Based on the “learning by doing” theory, a survey was conducted with 1249 participants, and the generalized structural equation model was employed as our analytical approach. The findings of this research indicate that the adoption and utilization of household photovoltaic (PV) systems have a positive impact on green consumption. The test results demonstrate that the overall effect coefficient is 0.03, indicating that current PV promotion policies have an indirect impact on green consumption. Moreover, economic incentive policies have a more substantial influence than environmental publicity policies, with total indirect effect coefficients of 0.005 and 0.002, respectively. Based on the findings above, the following recommendations are proposed: (1) It is recommended to maintain stable economic incentives to promote the adoption of household PV systems. (2) Emphasizing the dissemination of knowledge and skills for promoting environmental protection should be prioritized. (3) Efforts should be made to align personal interests and societal interests with low-carbon policies.

Under the dual carbon goals, green innovation acts as a key driver for the transformation and upgrading of China’s energy-intensive enterprises, and stands as an inevitable choice to propel China’s shift from a major energy-consuming nation to a powerful scientific and technological nation. To explore the driving mechanism of digital transformation on the green innovation efficiency of energy-intensive enterprises, this paper takes such enterprises from 2011 to 2022 as the research subject, designs three distinct scenarios (environmental protection, enterprise innovation and scientific research innovation), simulates heterogeneous development paths, and forecasts trends to 2030. The results show that green innovation efficiency rises steadily across all scenarios, with the strongest improvement under the scientific research scenario. By 2030, efficiency under this scenario is expected to reach 1.77 times that of the baseline scenario, while the other two scenarios also perform significantly better. These findings confirm the positive role of multi-dimensional policy interventions in strengthening digital-enabled green innovation efficiency. Accordingly, practical recommendations are put forward regarding how digital transformation can effectively drive the improvement of green innovation efficiency of energy-intensive enterprises from the aspects of policy formulation, enterprise management and innovation investment.

Although the issue of embodied pollutants in China's supply chains has garnered increasing attention, the dynamic changes occurring within them are unclear. Several existing studies analyse one-year or short-term data in supply chain; however, conducting long-term analyses can yield a deeper understanding of the dynamic changes across the entire supply chain—from production to consumption. This study uses the environmentally extended input–output analysis (EEIOA) and structural path analysis (SPA) methods to investigate the dynamic variation of China’s embodied CH₄ emissions in 20 economic sectors from 2000 to 2020, aiming to determine the key supply chain and key sectors. The results reveal that from the final demand perspective, the sector with the highest embodied CH₄ emissions has changed from “Agriculture” in 2000 to “Construction” in 2010 to “Other service and activities’ in 2020. The top listed supply chain path of embodied CH₄ emissions has also evolved (starting from production to consumption) from “Agriculture→Rural consumption” in 2000 to “Agriculture→Food and tobacco→Urban consumption” in 2010 to “Agriculture→ Urban consumption” in 2020. Notably, the high ranked path, “Agriculture→Food and tobacco→Rural consumption”, shows that the embodied CH₄ emission flowing between agriculture and the food industry cannot be ignored. The supply chain path “Coal Mining→Nonmetal Mineral Products→Construction→Capital Formation” has risen from the 17th position in 2000 to the 3rd position in 2020. Thus, it is necessary to control CH₄ emissions from sectors upstream, which are predominantly influenced by the construction industry, and a coordinated effort between sectors is also required to effectively reduce emissions. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of China's supply chain over the past two decades. In particular, it suggests policy interventions by controlling critical supply chain paths and key sectors associated with embodied CH₄ emission, thereby facilitating the coordinated reduction of anthropogenic CH₄ emissions.