This research presents investigation results of the diagnostic efficiency of an azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix method of analysis of laser autofluorescence of polycrystalline films of dried uterine cavity peritoneal fluid. A model of the generalized optical anisotropy of films of dried peritoneal fluid is proposed in order to define the processes of laser autofluorescence. The influence of complex mechanisms of both phase (linear and circular birefringence) and amplitude (linear and circular dichroism) anisotropies is taken into consideration. The interconnections between the azimuthally stable Mueller-matrix elements characterizing laser autofluorescence and different mechanisms of optical anisotropy are determined. The statistical analysis of coordinate distributions of such Mueller-matrix rotation invariants is proposed. Thereupon the quantitative criteria (statistic moments of the first to the fourth order) of differentiation of polycrystalline films of dried peritoneal fluid, group 1 (healthy donors) and group 2 (uterus endometriosis patients), are determined.

The decomposition of the Mueller matrix of blood films has been carried out using differential matrices with polarized and depolarized parts. The use of a coherent reference wave is applied and the algorithm of digital holographic reconstruction of the field of complex amplitudes is used. On this basis, the 3D Mueller-matrix diffuse tomography method—the reconstruction of distributions of fluctuations of linear and circular birefringence of depolarizing polycrystalline films of human blood is analytically justified and experimentally tested. The dynamics of the change in the magnitude of the statistical moments of the first-fourth order, which characterize layer-by-layer distributions of fluctuations in the phase anisotropy of the blood film, is examined and analyzed. The most sensitive parameters for prostate cancer are the statistical moments of the third and fourth orders, which characterize the asymmetry and kurtosis of fluctuations in the linear and circular birefringence of blood films. The excellent accuracy of differentiation obtained polycrystalline films of blood from healthy donors and patients with cancer patients was achieved.

The work is oriented toward a study of the possibilities of Mueller-matrix diagnostics of optical anisotropy of birefringent polycrystalline networks of human plasma amino acids. The interrelations between the statistical moments from the first to the fourth orders and fractal dimensionalities, which characterize the coordinate distributions of elements of the Mueller matrix for the blood plasma and the physiological state of the human organism, are determined.

Utilizing Stokes-correlometry analysis a new diagnostic approach has been introduced for quantitative assessment of polarization images of histological sections of optically anisotropic biological tissues with different morphological structures and physiological conditions. The developed approach is based on the quantitative assessment of coordinate and phase distributions of the Stokes vector of scattered light. A combined use of statistic, correlation, and fractal analysis is used for resolving variations in optical anisotropy of biological samples. The proposed combined application of the statistical, correlation, and fractal-based evaluates of spatial distributions of `single-point' polarization azimuth, ellipticity, and `two-point' Stokes vector parameters of polarization images of biological tissues histological sections demonstrates a high accuracy (Ac ≥ 90%) in monitoring of optical anisotropy variations within biological tissues.

Light-based techniques are becoming an increasingly popular method of probing heavily scattering media such as body tissue (for a review see Ref. 1, also see Ref. 2). For surface tissue or thin tissue samples it is possible to use the coherence or polarization properties of the light.^{3 4 5 6 7 8 9}

The model of generalized optical anisotropy of human bile is suggested, and the method of the polarimetric phase Fourier transform of the image of the laser radiation field that is generated by the mechanisms of linear and circular birefringence of polycrystalline networks with a wavelet-diagnosis of cholelithiasis is analytically substantiated.