Background: Red ginseng (RG) is a traditional herb commonly used in China, Korea, and other East Asian countries. Recently, it has demonstrated a better clinical value in men’s reproductive health (MRH). The present review aimed to examine the effects of RG treatment on MRH. Results: Overall, 42 articles related to RG application in MRH were reviewed, of which 31 were animal experiments and 11 were clinical studies. Furthermore, this review analyzed the use of RG in some male reproductive diseases in clinical trials and determined the associated mechanisms of action. The mechanism of action of RG in MRH may be related to oxidative stress, regulation of sex hormones and spermatogenesis-related proteins, and anti-inflammation. Conclusions: The application of RG for the treatment of male infertility, erectile dysfunction, and prostate diseases has the potential to contribute to MRH.

Background: As the problem of obesity‑induced reduction in male fertility is attracting growing concern, we conducted this network meta-analysis to assess the effects of different high-fat diet (HFD) interventions on male fertility in obese mouse models, aiming to identify the most suitable modeling approach for obesity-related male infertility research. Methods: Sixty-three studies were included. Interventions were categorized based on fat proportion and duration into four HFD groups and compared to a normal diet (ND) group. Network meta-analysis assessed outcomes including body weight, relative testes mass and sperm parameters. Results: The network meta-analysis demonstrated that HFD interventions exerted distinct effects on obesity and reproductive indicators in male mice. HFD4, characterized by high dietary fat content and prolonged feeding duration, induced the most significant weight gain and fertility potential loss. Conclusions: Elevated dietary fat content and prolonged HFD intervention are two indispensable synergistic factors for establishing stable mouse models of obesity with reproductive impairment. HFD-induced obesity primarily triggers oligozoospermia and asthenospermia, with negligible impacts on sperm morphology. Given the inherent heterogeneity and incomplete methodological reporting of preclinical animal studies, the present bias assessment and result interpretation remain preliminary. Standardized unified HFD formulations and rigorous, well-designed animal experiments are required in future studies to further validate relevant findings and optimize obese reproductive injury modeling protocols.