Financial inclusion is an emerging economic growth paradigm, especially in developing economies like India. It is an essential barometer for the all-encompassing growth of a country and its economy. However, there is still a debate regarding the effect of Financial Inclusion (FI) on achieving sustainable development. This study aims to determine if FI helps achieve Sustainable Development Growth (SDG) in India and if internet subscribers significantly influence the connection between FI and SDG. Secondary data from 16 states and one UT in India have been collected for 2017–2019. Therefore, the sample data is recent and covers a large country span. The data source is NITI Aayog and PMFBY (“Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bhima Yojana”) reports. The findings of this research are that FI has a positively significant relationship with sustainable development goals (SDG) in India. However, when the internet subscribers are high, the FI’s positive association with SDG gets reduced. PMFBY and SDG have been used for the first time, along with internet subscribers as moderators. The outcome has direct policy implications for improving the nation’s financial inclusion and economic growth.

This study investigates the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) funding in the education sector and the environment and how it affects India’s sustainable development. This study was conducted using secondary data and the data were collected from 28 Indian states and three union territories for the four fiscal years 2018 to 2021. This study examines the hypothesis using the generalized method of moments (GMM). As a result, it is found that overall CSR funding positively contributes to India’s sustainable development. Additionally, this study finds that CSR funding in education and the environment supports India’s sustainable development. It is also observed that, under the interaction effect of poverty (poverty score), CSR funding (total) and CSR funding on education positively affect sustainable growth. However, CSR funding for environmental activities does not significantly influence India’s FD under the moderation of poverty score. These factors are essential for India’s sustainable development and poverty reduction. Investing CSR funds in rural development, education, the environment, health, and other areas supporting India’s sustainable development leads to impressive economic growth and reduces poverty. Hence, it is attributed that CSR funding plays a vital role in India’s sustainable development. Future research can be carried out on CSR policies and funding using different variables and periods.

The purpose of this article is to examine how financial leverage affects financial performance and the moderating role of efficiency in the relationship. This study uses data from 76 firms listed on the bombay stock exchange during the period from 2011 to 2020, resulting in 760 firm-year observations. A quantile regression panel data model is used to investigate the hypotheses of this study. The results reveal that financial leverage has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. Furthermore, the findings indicate that firm's performance improves with an increase in efficiency and leverage. Moderate evidence that an increase in efficiency exacerbates the negative association between leverage and performance. The results of this study have important implications for firms in emerging markets. Managers can enhance firm performance by reducing the level of financial leverage, especially in firms with low technical efficiency. These firms incur higher overheads, and then they can benefit more from the decreases in debt ratio in their capital structure. To the author's knowledge, this research is the first to examine the effect of technical efficiency on the financial leverage–financial performance relationship and is one of few that investigate the role of efficiency in determining the linkage between leverage and firm performance.

This study investigates the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) on sustainable development in India, specifically analyzing the literacy rate's moderating role. Utilizing a quantitative approach through Panel Data Regression Analysis (PDRA) on secondary data, the research is confined to India. Despite this limitation, the study serves as a valuable foundation for future research. The geographical restriction not only provides context-specific insights but also lays the groundwork for broader comparative analyses in diverse global contexts, suggesting avenues for expanding the research agenda.

This research aims to study the relationship between financial inclusion efficiency (FIE) and poverty score. The data for this research includes 28states and 3 union territories of India. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a popular and effective tool revealed by literature research studies to assess countries' financial inclusion levels. This study used a panel data model with DEA wherethe Poverty Score (PS) is presented as the dependent variable, and the independent variables selected are Financial Inclusion Efficiency (FI_CRS), Number of ATMs (No_ATM), and Literacy Rate (Lit_rt). From the optimal weights of the DEA model, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix scores, and endogeneity test results, the results of the study show that there is a significant impact on poverty scores by financial inclusion efficiency. The Financial Inclusion Efficiency (FI_CRS) is significant and negative which signifies that there is a negative relationship between Financial Inclusion Efficiency (FI_CRS) and Poverty Score (PS). Thus, this research shows that the rise in fie resulted in a decrease in the Poverty Score of 28 Indian states and 03 union territories.