Decarbonization of transport is a key element of the energy transition and of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Integration of renewable energy into transport systems is assessed together with the potential of electric, hybrid, hydrogen, and biofuel-based propulsion to enable low emission mobility. Literature published from 2019 to 2025 is synthesized using structured searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and Elsevier and evidence is integrated through a thematic comparative approach focused on energy efficiency, life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, and technology readiness. Quantitative findings indicate that battery electric vehicles typically require about 18 to 20 kWh per 100 km, compared with about 60 to 70 kWh per 100 km in energy equivalent terms for internal combustion cars. With higher renewable shares in electricity generation, life cycle CO₂ equivalent emissions are reduced by about 60 to 70 percent under average European grid conditions and up to about 80 percent when renewables exceed 50 percent. Energy storage and smart grid management, including vehicle to grid operation, are identified as enabling measures and are associated with peak demand reductions of about 5 to 10 percent. Hydrogen and advanced biofuels remain important for heavy duty, maritime, and aviation segments where full electrification is constrained.

This study analyzes the relationship of national diversity in energy policies between economic outcomes amid changing energy prices, climate regulations, and technological innovations across European countries. Using DEMATEL, panel data econometric models, and cluster analysis, the research three interrelated questions: whether environmental regulations can simultaneously support economic performance and innovation; how energy prices and climate policies affect inflation, economic growth, and unemployment; and whether a hybrid causal framework can reveal deeper feedback dynamics across policy, innovation, and macroeconomic variables, The results identify significant relationships between technological innovations, energy prices, climate regulations, and inflation. The analysis reveals that energy prices influence R&D expenditure, with both positive and negative effects depending on timing. Climate regulations and inflation also significantly impact technological innovations. The findings emphasize the need for strategic planning and investment in technology to manage energy prices and climate policies effectively. The study suggests that stable, innovation-oriented regulatory frameworks are more effective than short-term interventions such as subsidies or price caps in promoting green technologies, reducing economic volatility, and supporting the transition to sustainable energy systems. Limitations include the exclusion of variables such as institutional quality, consumer behavior, and readiness for energy storage infrastructure. Further research with extended time series and localized data is recommended to deepen understanding and support resilient energy policy development.

Efficient wind turbine blade design is crucial, yet current models often fail to fully account for variations in wind inflow due to terrain differences, particularly wind shear. This article aims to verify the theoretical method of designing the geometry of wind turbine blades. The proposed model, which combines the BEM method and the vortex method, was developed to consider the nonuniform inflow caused by wind shear. Model verification employed an explanatory sequential process focusing on two perspectives. First, it examines the correlation between the theoretical terrain roughness coefficient and the blade geometry. Second, it analyzes the relationship between the type of terrain (terrain roughness) and the design of wind turbine blades in two real locations in southeastern Poland. The results highlight the importance of accurate assessment of wind speed and spatial conditions to optimize the use of local wind resources in electricity production. It is suggested that adapting wind turbine blade geometry to the plant’s location will improve resource utilization, providing insight for energy decision‐makers. The findings highlight the importance of considering wind shear when designing blades for varying terrain. The methodology is presented on the example of a wind power plant, and at the end of the article, potential directions of future research in this field are outlined.

This study offers a comprehensive bibliometric and scientific mapping review of the literature examining renewable energy as a strategic mechanism for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Drawing on a structured bibliometric review approach and advanced bibliometric methods, the analysis covers 278 peer-reviewed articles indexed in the Web of Science database. This study explores how research on the SDG–renewable energy nexus has evolved over time, highlighting publication trends, geographical patterns, influential journals and authors, and the intellectual structure of the field, with particular attention to developments observed after 2022. The results show a rapidly growing and increasingly interdisciplinary body of research in which renewable energy systems are consistently framed as core elements of sustainable development strategies, energy transition pathways, and policy-relevant frameworks. Beyond descriptive mapping, the study provides a mechanism-oriented interpretation of thematic clusters, explicitly linking renewable energy research trajectories to specific SDGs and their systemic interactions. By identifying dominant research themes, emerging directions, and existing research gaps, this review provides strategic insights that can support future academic research and inform policymakers and energy stakeholders involved in steering the transition toward sustainable energy systems.