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In recent years, a variety of novel actuator concepts for the implements of heavy-duty mobile machines (HDMMs) has been proposed by industry and academia. Mostly, novel concepts aim at improving the typically low energy efficiency of state-of-the-art hydraulic valve-controlled actuators. However, besides energy-efficiency, many aspects that are crucial for a successful concept integration are often neglected in studies. Furthermore, most of the time, a specific HDMM is focused as an application while other HDMM types can show very different properties that might make a novel concept less suitable. In order to take more aspects and HDMM types into account when evaluating actuator concepts, this paper proposes a novel evaluation algorithm, which calculates so-called mismatch values for each potential actuator-application match, based on different problem aspects that can indicate a potential mismatch between a certain actuator concept and an HDMM. The lower the mismatch value, which depends on actuator characteristics as well as HDMM attributes, the more potential is the match. At the same time, the modular nature of the algorithm allows to evaluate a large number of possible matches at once, with low effort. For the performance demonstration of the algorithm, 36 potential matches formed out of six actuator concepts and six HDMM types are exemplarily evaluated. The resulting actuator concept ratings for the six different HDMMs are in line with general reasoning and confirm that the evaluation algorithm is a powerful tool to get a first, quick overview of a large solution space of actuator-HDMM matches. However, analyzing the limitations of the algorithm also shows that it cannot replace conventional requirements engineering and simulation studies if detailed and reliable results are required.
David Fassbender; Tatiana Minav. An Algorithm for the Broad Evaluation of Potential Matches between Actuator Concepts and Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications. Actuators 2021, 10, 111 .
AMA StyleDavid Fassbender, Tatiana Minav. An Algorithm for the Broad Evaluation of Potential Matches between Actuator Concepts and Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications. Actuators. 2021; 10 (6):111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Fassbender; Tatiana Minav. 2021. "An Algorithm for the Broad Evaluation of Potential Matches between Actuator Concepts and Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications." Actuators 10, no. 6: 111.
Since the energy crisis, the further development of a variable speed pump-controlled hydraulic system driven by an electric machine has attracted increasing attention during the past few years. As a response to this, an innovative double pump-controlled asymmetric cylinder system (DPC) and its control method are proposed in this study. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of two variable speed pump-controlled systems for asymmetric cylinders under a four-quadrant operating condition, in comparison with single pump control (SPC). The four-quadrant operating principles of the two systems are analyzed by simulation. Simulation models for both systems are introduced, and a position control method is proposed, with a tracking differentiator and speed feedforward, plus proportional-integral-derivative (PID) for four-quadrant operation. The DPC model was validated with the measurement of a crane. The simulations using the validated model were performed with a position reference and a varying load (four-quadrant operating arm of an excavator). The results demonstrated that the velocity fluctuation is eliminated by using the DPC instead of the SPC, and the position control performance of the DPC is better compared to the SPC, although the energy efficiency decreases slightly. Hence, the proposed DPC and its position control method are feasible for the four-quadrant operation of asymmetric cylinders.
Shuzhong Zhang; Su Li; Tatiana Minav. Control and Performance Analysis of Variable Speed Pump-Controlled Asymmetric Cylinder Systems under Four-Quadrant Operation. Actuators 2020, 9, 123 .
AMA StyleShuzhong Zhang, Su Li, Tatiana Minav. Control and Performance Analysis of Variable Speed Pump-Controlled Asymmetric Cylinder Systems under Four-Quadrant Operation. Actuators. 2020; 9 (4):123.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuzhong Zhang; Su Li; Tatiana Minav. 2020. "Control and Performance Analysis of Variable Speed Pump-Controlled Asymmetric Cylinder Systems under Four-Quadrant Operation." Actuators 9, no. 4: 123.
For the longest time, valve-controlled, centralized hydraulic systems have been the state-of-the-art technology to actuate heavy-duty mobile machine (HDMM) implements. Due to the typically low energy efficiency of those systems, a high number of promising, more-efficient actuator concepts has been proposed by academia as well as industry over the last decades as potential replacements for valve control—e.g., independent metering, displacement control, different types of electro-hydraulic actuators (EHAs), electro-mechanic actuators, or hydraulic transformers. This paper takes a closer look on specific HDMM applications for these actuator concepts to figure out where which novel concept can be a better alternative to conventional actuator concepts, and where novel concepts might fail to improve. For this purpose, a novel evaluation algorithm for actuator–HDMM matches is developed based on problem aspects that can indicate an unsuitable actuator–HDMM match. To demonstrate the functionality of the match evaluation algorithm, four actuator concepts and four HDMM types are analyzed and rated in order to form 16 potential actuator–HDMM matches that can be evaluated by the novel algorithm. The four actuator concepts comprise a conventional valve-controlled concept and three different types of EHAs. The HDMM types are excavator, wheel loader, backhoe, and telehandler. Finally, the evaluation of the 16 matches results in 16 mismatch values, of which the lowest indicates the “perfect match”. Low mismatch values could be found in general for EHAs in combination with most HDMMs but also for a valve-controlled actuator concept in combination with a backhoe. Furthermore, an analysis of the concept limitations with suggestions for improvement is included.
David Fassbender; Tatina Minav. Finding the Perfect Match: Different Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications Call for Different Actuators. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 2020, 64, 22 .
AMA StyleDavid Fassbender, Tatina Minav. Finding the Perfect Match: Different Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications Call for Different Actuators. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications. 2020; 64 (1):22.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Fassbender; Tatina Minav. 2020. "Finding the Perfect Match: Different Heavy-Duty Mobile Applications Call for Different Actuators." Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 64, no. 1: 22.
Electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHAs) combine the advantages of electric and hydraulic actuation, and it results in a preferable solution for heavy load actuation. The required power level of the EHA is increasing because it is being introduced to large vehicles such as submarines and heavy launch vehicles. Thus, a 30 kW EHA is under development for launch vehicles, which simultaneously require high dynamic performance, light weight, high efficiency, etc. Therefore, a dedicated multi-objective optimization design method is proposed for the preliminary design of the 30 kW EHA. In this study, firstly, the design requirements were analyzed for the launch vehicle application, and the objectives and the constraints of the optimization design were defined for the 30 kW EHA. Secondly, dedicated models were developed for evaluating each objective or constraint, including weight, bandwidth, and efficiency. Thirdly, the multi-objective EHA optimization design was implemented based on the genetic algorithm. Lastly, the optimization design results were evaluated through simulation analysis, which demonstrated that the 30 kW EHA achieved more than 10 Hz bandwidth with under 72 kg weight while the efficiency was also optimized.
Chi Zhang; Xu Han; Tatiana Minav; Yongling Fu. Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a 30 kW Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 2020, 64, 5 .
AMA StyleChi Zhang, Xu Han, Tatiana Minav, Yongling Fu. Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a 30 kW Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications. 2020; 64 (1):5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChi Zhang; Xu Han; Tatiana Minav; Yongling Fu. 2020. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a 30 kW Electro-Hydrostatic Actuator." Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 64, no. 1: 5.
Earlier research demonstrated that a pump-controlled hydraulic system combines the best properties of traditional hydraulics and electric intelligence. Thus, the new system has been proposed as a replacement for conventional valve-controlled systems, to improve the energy efficiency in non-road mobile machinery in particular. One of the pump-controlled systems can be realized via direct control of hydraulic pump/motor by varying speed of prime mover. Electric motor (EM) as a prime mover attract with higher efficiency (more than 90%) and a wide range of speed regulation. These advantages allow to improve the system efficiency and decrease the energy consumption in electric and hybrid non-road mobile machinery. Further EM's efficiency improvement can be achieved by using vector control systems, which provide rotor magnetic flux control proportionally to the shaft's speed. Considering all vector control’s benefits (high accuracy of speed control, smooth~start and smooth rotation of the motor in the entire frequency range, quick response to load changes, increased control range and accuracy of regulation), the electro-hydraulic systems and influence of electric part on hydraulic one is not investigated widely. Therefore, in this paper Field Oriented Control (FOC) is analyzed as One of the most perspective vector control systems for electro-hydraulic actuator application with a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) as a prime mover. In~this study, Direct-driven hydraulics (DDH) was considered as a study case. A detailed model of the PMSM control system with DDH was built in MATLAB/Simulink. The behavior of the DDH system was investigated by transient processes analysis of EM, pump, and cylinder in the normal and failure modes. The system demonstrates a difference between reference and simulated speed about 0.33% and 11.75% of average torque fluctuations. The behavior of the system in failure mode demonstrated multiple excesses of rated parameters.
Viacheslav Zakharov; Tatiana Minav. Analysis of Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for a Valveless Pump-Controlled Actuator. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 2020, 64, 19 .
AMA StyleViacheslav Zakharov, Tatiana Minav. Analysis of Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for a Valveless Pump-Controlled Actuator. Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications. 2020; 64 (1):19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleViacheslav Zakharov; Tatiana Minav. 2020. "Analysis of Field Oriented Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for a Valveless Pump-Controlled Actuator." Proceedings of 1st International Electronic Conference on Actuator Technology: Materials, Devices and Applications 64, no. 1: 19.
With the rising demand for energy efficiency, displacement-controlled or so-called pump-controlled systems have become an attractive research topic for applications in construction machinery and other off-road vehicles. Pump-controlled systems can be implemented with electro-hydrostatic actuators as electro-hydraulic zones, which are located next to the end actuator as a replacement for the traditional valve-controlled hydraulic actuation systems. In this paper a 9-tonne class excavator is utilized as a study case. A mathematical model of the conventional machine, validated with tests carried out on both the excavator and the single hydraulic components, was previously developed within the Simcenter AMESim© environment. This mathematical model was modified with electric components for simulating a zonal hydraulics excavator and compared with a conventional load sensing (LS) machine. The energy efficiencies of both the LS circuit and the new solution were evaluated for typical duty cycles, pointing out the obtainable energy efficiency improvements, which were mainly due to the absence of the directional valves and pressure compensators. The results also point out the effect of the pipe losses when the circuit layout requires the pipe for connecting the pump with the actuator; moreover, the effect of a diesel engine downsizing on the energy saving was evaluated.
Paolo Casoli; Fabio Scolari; Tatiana Minav; Massimo Rundo. Comparative Energy Analysis of a Load Sensing System and a Zonal Hydraulics for a 9-Tonne Excavator. Actuators 2020, 9, 39 .
AMA StylePaolo Casoli, Fabio Scolari, Tatiana Minav, Massimo Rundo. Comparative Energy Analysis of a Load Sensing System and a Zonal Hydraulics for a 9-Tonne Excavator. Actuators. 2020; 9 (2):39.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaolo Casoli; Fabio Scolari; Tatiana Minav; Massimo Rundo. 2020. "Comparative Energy Analysis of a Load Sensing System and a Zonal Hydraulics for a 9-Tonne Excavator." Actuators 9, no. 2: 39.
This paper investigates energy efficiency and dynamic behavior through simulation and experiments of a compact electro-hydrostatic actuator system (EHA) consisting of an electric motor, external gear pump/motors, hydraulic accumulator, and differential cylinder. Tests were performed in a stand-alone crane in order to validate the mathematical model. The influence and importance of a good balance between pump/motors displacement and cylinder areas ratios is discussed. The overall efficiency for the performed motion is also compared considering the capability or not of energy recovery. The results obtained demonstrate the significant gain of efficiency when working in the optimal condition and it is compared to the conventional hydraulic system using proportional valves. The proposed system presents the advantages and disadvantages when utilizing components off-the-shelf taking into account the applicability in mobile and industrial stationary machines.
Thales Agostini; Victor De Negri; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Effect of Energy Recovery on Efficiency in Electro-Hydrostatic Closed System for Differential Actuator. Actuators 2020, 9, 12 .
AMA StyleThales Agostini, Victor De Negri, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Effect of Energy Recovery on Efficiency in Electro-Hydrostatic Closed System for Differential Actuator. Actuators. 2020; 9 (1):12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThales Agostini; Victor De Negri; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2020. "Effect of Energy Recovery on Efficiency in Electro-Hydrostatic Closed System for Differential Actuator." Actuators 9, no. 1: 12.
The partial shading conditions significantly affect the functionality of solar power plants despite the presence of multiple maximum power point tracking systems. The primary cause of this problem is the presence of local maxima in the power–current and/or power–voltage characteristic curves that restrict the functionality of the conventional maximum power point tracking systems. The present article proposes a modified algorithm based on the simplified equivalent circuit of solar cells to improve the functionality of traditional maximum power point tracking systems. This algorithm provides a method for regularly monitoring the photo-current of each solar module. The upper and lower boundaries of the regulating parameter such as current or voltage are decided very precisely, which is helpful to find the location of the global maximum. During a sequential search, the control system accurately determines the lower and upper boundaries of the global maximum. Simultaneously, the maximum power point tracking system increases the photovoltaic current up to one of these boundaries and applies one of the conventional algorithms. Additionally, the control system regularly monitors the photovoltaic characteristics and changes the limits of regulating parameter concerning any change in global maximum location. This proposed method is fast and precise to locate the global maximum boundaries and to track global maximum even under fast-changing partial shading conditions. The improved performance and overall efficiency are validated by simulation study for variable solar irradiance.
Shailendra Rajput; Moshe Averbukh; Asher Yahalom; Tatiana Minav. An Approval of MPPT Based on PV Cell’s Simplified Equivalent Circuit During Fast-Shading Conditions. Electronics 2019, 8, 1060 .
AMA StyleShailendra Rajput, Moshe Averbukh, Asher Yahalom, Tatiana Minav. An Approval of MPPT Based on PV Cell’s Simplified Equivalent Circuit During Fast-Shading Conditions. Electronics. 2019; 8 (9):1060.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShailendra Rajput; Moshe Averbukh; Asher Yahalom; Tatiana Minav. 2019. "An Approval of MPPT Based on PV Cell’s Simplified Equivalent Circuit During Fast-Shading Conditions." Electronics 8, no. 9: 1060.
In this experimental study, a Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) system of the closed circuit type was utilized for cyclic vertical actuation in heavy load material handling. The actuator was controlled by a speed-controlled fixed displacement pump. The high energy saving potential of this system has been demonstrated in previous studies by the authors, but the dynamic characteristics of the ramped and P-controlled base system were considered unsatisfactory. Therefore, the system was implemented with an open-loop S-curve control that utilized a pre-calculated RPM (revolutions per minute) profile for the electric motor in order to realize a smooth actuator and load transition as a function of time. The results indicate that S-curve control is exceptionally well suited for producing a controlled lifting–lowering rapid motion with a heavy load, while still keeping the actuator chamber pressures within acceptable limits. In comparison, the motion produced by P-control was characterized by large unwanted pressure peaks together with velocity fluctuations and vibrations at the end of the stroke. Using a combination of S-curve control and hydraulic load compensation, a mass of 1325 kg could be moved 0.26 m in less than 0.5 s. The load compensation reduced the energy consumption by 64%, which would allow downsizing the electric motor and enable cost-efficient DDH implementation.
Teemu Koitto; Heikki Kauranne; Olof Calonius; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Experimental Study on Fast and Energy-Efficient Direct Driven Hydraulic Actuator Unit. Energies 2019, 12, 1538 .
AMA StyleTeemu Koitto, Heikki Kauranne, Olof Calonius, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Experimental Study on Fast and Energy-Efficient Direct Driven Hydraulic Actuator Unit. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1538.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeemu Koitto; Heikki Kauranne; Olof Calonius; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2019. "Experimental Study on Fast and Energy-Efficient Direct Driven Hydraulic Actuator Unit." Energies 12, no. 8: 1538.
The Friction Stir Channelling (FSC) is a novel advanced solution for producing internal closed channels along any desired path with a constant or continuously modified shape along the path in a single manufacturing step. The channels are formed by continuous extraction of part of the stirred processed material into external flash. In this work, the performance of channels with the same shape and dimensions but produced by FSC and milling respectively, are compared using an experimental calorimeter setup with a focus on the influence of the geometrical features of the channels on the thermal efficiency. The investigation is implemented in a plate of AA5083-H111, with a thickness of 10 mm. The material properties of the channels produced by FSC are investigated with a microhardness field and optical microscopic analysis, assessing the thermomechanically processed and heat affected zones. The mechanical resistance of the channels produced by FSC is evaluated with an application of internal pressure up to 380 bar. The results show that the FSC enhanced the heat transfer by about 45 % compared with smoother milled channels. The optical microscopy shows evidence of a good consolidation of the solid state joining mechanisms activated during the FSC, with a small reduction of the hardness around the channel in the stirred zone and heat affected zone, being assisted by a harder top region at the ceiling of the channel.
Heikki Karvinen; Afshin Hasani Aleni; Pauli Salminen; Tatiana Minav; Pedro Vilaça. Thermal Efficiency and Material Properties of Friction Stir Channelling Applied to Aluminium Alloy AA5083. Energies 2019, 12, 1549 .
AMA StyleHeikki Karvinen, Afshin Hasani Aleni, Pauli Salminen, Tatiana Minav, Pedro Vilaça. Thermal Efficiency and Material Properties of Friction Stir Channelling Applied to Aluminium Alloy AA5083. Energies. 2019; 12 (8):1549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeikki Karvinen; Afshin Hasani Aleni; Pauli Salminen; Tatiana Minav; Pedro Vilaça. 2019. "Thermal Efficiency and Material Properties of Friction Stir Channelling Applied to Aluminium Alloy AA5083." Energies 12, no. 8: 1549.
Compared to conventional central hydraulic systems still typically used in most off-road machinery, the main advantages of zonal hydraulics are lower pressure losses, lower power demand, and thus, lower energy consumption on a system level and easy automatisation. In this case study, zonal hydraulics is realised with Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH), and it is implemented as a replacement for the conventional centralised hydraulic system of a micro excavator. A simulation model for the front attachment of the excavator with three individual DDH units is presented. The proposed model of a single DDH unit was partially validated with a standalone test setup. Various common working cycles, such as digging and dumping with differing payloads and levelling, were adopted for this simulation study. Two controllers—a conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller and a flow-rate-matching feedforward plus PID controller—were designed for each DDH unit. Thereafter, detailed comparisons were provided, consisting of energy consumption, energy efficiency and position tracking performance between the two controllers. The results showed that the proposed feedforward plus PID controller had better performance than a conventional PID in the studied case. By adopting this controller, higher system energy efficiency (improved by 11–24% without regeneration and by 8–28% when considering regeneration) and better position tracking performance (root mean square tracking error and max errors lowered by 20–87% and 35–83%, respectively) were achieved simultaneously. Therefore, this work can be applied to zonal hydraulics to facilitate the electrification and automatisation of construction machinery.
Shuzhong Zhang; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola; Heikki Kauranne; Jyrki Kajaste. The effects of control methods on energy efficiency and position tracking of an electro-hydraulic excavator equipped with zonal hydraulics. Automation in Construction 2019, 100, 129 -144.
AMA StyleShuzhong Zhang, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola, Heikki Kauranne, Jyrki Kajaste. The effects of control methods on energy efficiency and position tracking of an electro-hydraulic excavator equipped with zonal hydraulics. Automation in Construction. 2019; 100 ():129-144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuzhong Zhang; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola; Heikki Kauranne; Jyrki Kajaste. 2019. "The effects of control methods on energy efficiency and position tracking of an electro-hydraulic excavator equipped with zonal hydraulics." Automation in Construction 100, no. : 129-144.
Direct driven hydraulic drives (DDH) have the advantages of compact high power density in hydraulic systems and flexible control of electric motors. These advantages can benefit non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) applications. However, maintaining high efficiency while working in sub-zero conditions with NRMM is challenging. Therefore, this paper investigates the effect of hydraulic oil on the efficiency of a DDH in a cold environment for an NRMM application. In the DDH setup, the speed and position control of a double-acting cylinder was implemented directly with an electric motor drive in a closed-loop system without the conventional control valves. Efficiency measurements of the DDH setup with two oils (conventional multi-grade and high-performance) were conducted under different operating conditions (speed and payload) and environmental conditions (temperature in °C). The paper provides an evaluation of the electro-hydraulic system and a discussion on the usage of hydraulic oil by non-road mobile working machines in sub-zero conditions. An experimental investigation demonstrated an improvement in efficiency of 5%-unit at 22 °C, from 2%-unit to 5%-unit at 3 °C, and of almost a 10%-unit at temperatures below zero (−10 °C) by changing oil.
Tatiana Minav; Jani Heikkinen; Thomas Schimmel; Matti Pietola. Direct Driven Hydraulic Drive: Effect of Oil on Efficiency in Sub-Zero Conditions. Energies 2019, 12, 219 .
AMA StyleTatiana Minav, Jani Heikkinen, Thomas Schimmel, Matti Pietola. Direct Driven Hydraulic Drive: Effect of Oil on Efficiency in Sub-Zero Conditions. Energies. 2019; 12 (2):219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatiana Minav; Jani Heikkinen; Thomas Schimmel; Matti Pietola. 2019. "Direct Driven Hydraulic Drive: Effect of Oil on Efficiency in Sub-Zero Conditions." Energies 12, no. 2: 219.
The ever-tightening government-enforced regulations for more energy efficient and less polluting machines and the simultaneous fast development of electric drives have caused hydraulic systems to lose ground to electric drives. One promising solution to improve the status of hydraulics in this competition are the Direct Driven Hydraulic (DDH) systems, aka electro-hydraulic actuators (EHAs), which are characterized by a closed circuit type and a servo motor driven speed-controlled pump controlling the actuator. Due to this topology, they offer a possibility of reaching higher energy efficiencies compared to traditional open circuit type valve-controlled systems and simultaneously they offer the high accuracy and dynamics of these. Typical applications where DDHs have been used are, in the area of mobile equipment, modern commercial and military aircrafts and some lift trucks, and in the area of stationary applications, mostly presses. In all of these, the actuators produce relatively slow motions. In this experimental study, a DDH system is applied to a stationary industrial vertical position control application where a very rapid movement of a heavy load is required. This brings out some unwanted fluctuation phenomena not encountered with slower motion velocities. Here we are striving for avoiding these phenomena by adding damping to the system. In addition, it is studied whether the good energy efficiency of DDH systems could be enhanced with load-compensation. The presented measurement results include the system behavior regarding the smoothness of positioning, the fluctuations of pressures, forces, and power, and finally the energy consumption with three different system configurations: basic DDH, load-compensated DDH, and load-compensated and damped DDH. The measured energy consumptions are compared against results gained in simulating a conventional valve-controlled system driving the same application. The measurement results manifest that energy consumption wise significant benefits are achievable with DDH, especially in combination with hydraulic load compensation. However, without added damping the motion involved marked vibrations in the end of the upward and downward strokes. Added damping eliminated these vibrations, but at the cost of reduced energy efficiency. Due to this, the solution for the fluctuation and vibration problem should be sought by developing a control strategy that produces a smoother but as fast motion.
Heikki Kauranne; Teemu Koitto; Olof Calonius; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Direct Driven Pump Control of Hydraulic Cylinder for Rapid Vertical Position Control of Heavy Loads: Energy Efficiency Including Effects of Damping and Load Compensation. BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleHeikki Kauranne, Teemu Koitto, Olof Calonius, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Direct Driven Pump Control of Hydraulic Cylinder for Rapid Vertical Position Control of Heavy Loads: Energy Efficiency Including Effects of Damping and Load Compensation. BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHeikki Kauranne; Teemu Koitto; Olof Calonius; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Direct Driven Pump Control of Hydraulic Cylinder for Rapid Vertical Position Control of Heavy Loads: Energy Efficiency Including Effects of Damping and Load Compensation." BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control , no. : 1.
Position measurement in the electro-hydraulic systems is feasible via the utilization of physical sensors. An improvement in technology has led to the manufacturing of high accurate position sensors for direct position control. This paper proposes utilization of direct position control in an electro-hydraulic system with a new hydraulic zonal system architecture implemented with Direct Driven Hydraulics. It was mentioned in early study that this hydraulic system architecture as a replacement for the traditional valve-based hydraulic systems, has higher energy efficiency rate. In this study, the simulation implementation and experimental verification of Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) will be investigated for a micro excavator test case from position control point of view. Results demonstrated that the implementation of DDH in an excavator case will lead to maximum 5 cm error in a single-cycle movement.
Siavash Danaee; Jarmo Nurmi; Tatiana Minav; Jouni Mattila; Matti Pietola. Direct Position Control of Electro-Hydraulic Excavator. BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control 2018, 1 .
AMA StyleSiavash Danaee, Jarmo Nurmi, Tatiana Minav, Jouni Mattila, Matti Pietola. Direct Position Control of Electro-Hydraulic Excavator. BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. 2018; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiavash Danaee; Jarmo Nurmi; Tatiana Minav; Jouni Mattila; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Direct Position Control of Electro-Hydraulic Excavator." BATH/ASME 2018 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control , no. : 1.
This paper investigates the effect of extra weight caused by the Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) in a micro-excavator. These projects are investigating the implementation of zonal or decentralized hydraulics for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) and stationary industrial applications. The benefit of DDH is the combination of electric and hydraulic technologies in a compact package compared to conventional hydraulics, which enables a reduction of potential leakage points, flexible tubing, and boosting of the system efficiency due to switching to direct pump control instead of a loss-generating conventional valve-based control. In order to demonstrate these benefits for the excavator case, this paper proposes a system model approach to assess and predict energy consumption of the zonal hydraulics approach implemented with DDH in various working cycles, complemented by a structural analysis. The finite element analysis utilized for this demonstrated that the extra weight and selected location of DDH units do not negatively affect the structure of the excavator. Simulation results demonstrated that the energy consumption is approximately 15% higher with extra weight added by the three DDH units. Although approximately 20% more regeneration energy is produced, taking into account the regeneration energy, the increases in energy consumption are about 12%.
Abinab Niraula; Shuzhong Zhang; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Effect of Zonal Hydraulics on Energy Consumption and Boom Structure of a Micro-Excavator. Energies 2018, 11, 2088 .
AMA StyleAbinab Niraula, Shuzhong Zhang, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Effect of Zonal Hydraulics on Energy Consumption and Boom Structure of a Micro-Excavator. Energies. 2018; 11 (8):2088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbinab Niraula; Shuzhong Zhang; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Effect of Zonal Hydraulics on Energy Consumption and Boom Structure of a Micro-Excavator." Energies 11, no. 8: 2088.
An integration of an electric motor and a drive with wide bandgap (WBG) devices possesses numerous attractive features for electrified and decentralized actuation systems. The WBG devices can operate at high junction temperature (>170°C) with improved efficiency due to fast switching speed and low on-state resistance. It also leads to better performance and higher power density electrohydrostatic actuators than the traditional solutions, which are being widely adopted in industrial applications such as aerospace, robotics, automobiles, manufacturing, wind turbine, and off-road vehicles. This paper introduces and investigates the benefits of the integrated motor drive (IMD) with the WBG-based power electronics for the electrohydrostatic actuation systems.
Woongkul Lee; Silong Li; Di Han; Bulent Sarlioglu; Tatiana A. Minav; Matti Pietola. A Review of Integrated Motor Drive and Wide-Bandgap Power Electronics for High-Performance Electro-Hydrostatic Actuators. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2018, 4, 684 -693.
AMA StyleWoongkul Lee, Silong Li, Di Han, Bulent Sarlioglu, Tatiana A. Minav, Matti Pietola. A Review of Integrated Motor Drive and Wide-Bandgap Power Electronics for High-Performance Electro-Hydrostatic Actuators. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification. 2018; 4 (3):684-693.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWoongkul Lee; Silong Li; Di Han; Bulent Sarlioglu; Tatiana A. Minav; Matti Pietola. 2018. "A Review of Integrated Motor Drive and Wide-Bandgap Power Electronics for High-Performance Electro-Hydrostatic Actuators." IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 4, no. 3: 684-693.
Direct Driven Hydraulic (DDH) systems, which are characterized by a closed circuit type and a speed-controlled pump, offer a possibility of reaching higher energy efficiencies compared to the traditional open circuit type valve-controlled systems, and simultaneously offering high accuracy and dynamics. This study presents experimental results gained with a DDH system applied to an industrial position control application. The results include the system behavior regarding the accuracy of position control, pressures, power, and energy consumption with three different system structures: basic DDH, load- compensated DDH and load-compensated and damped DDH. It was found that compared to valve-controlled hydraulics, DDH system offered potential for significant energy savings, especially if combined with hydraulic load compensation. However, without damping, the motion involved marked vibrations in the end of the stroke. Vibrations were avoided by introducing damping, but at the cost of reduced energy efficiency.
Teemu Koitto; Olof Calonius; Heikki Kauranne; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Enhanced energy efficiency of industrial application by direct driven hydraulic unit. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleTeemu Koitto, Olof Calonius, Heikki Kauranne, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Enhanced energy efficiency of industrial application by direct driven hydraulic unit. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTeemu Koitto; Olof Calonius; Heikki Kauranne; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Enhanced energy efficiency of industrial application by direct driven hydraulic unit." 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) , no. : 1-6.
The average mining loader is a diesel-hydraulic off- road mobile machine that is expected to routinely operate in enclosed areas. While traditional valve-controlled setups are common, there are other possible hydraulic systems that might grant benefits to such machines in addition to conventional hybridization. One avenue of improvement lies in electrification, which in itself is advantageous to underground mining machinery that would otherwise require extensive ventilation of their ICE exhaust. Electric power allows the application of direct pump control instead of conventional valve control, eliminating throttling losses. This is one possible method to achieve higher efficiencies when compared to conventional systems. This paper investigates the efficiency of a direct-driven hydraulic system for a mining loader, and compares it to a conventional load-sensing system that was previously installed in the same machine. The efficiency of the direct-driven system was determined to be superior in all tested cases, increasing from 21% to 53% at high velocity and from 2% to 22% at low velocity. In addition, the DDH system is capable of energy regeneration, recouping a portion of energy used for lifting thus allowing longer runtimes with a given battery capacity.
Aleksi Turunen; Tatiana Minav; Henri Hanninen; Matti Pietola. Experimental Investigation Of Direct Drive Hydraulic Units Implemented In A Mining Loader. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleAleksi Turunen, Tatiana Minav, Henri Hanninen, Matti Pietola. Experimental Investigation Of Direct Drive Hydraulic Units Implemented In A Mining Loader. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAleksi Turunen; Tatiana Minav; Henri Hanninen; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Experimental Investigation Of Direct Drive Hydraulic Units Implemented In A Mining Loader." 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) , no. : 1-6.
Physical sensors have traditionally been used to obtain position information. These sensors possess certain deficiencies, such as a dependency on the working environment. Nevertheless, by removing the position sensors as well as defining methods and algorithms, it will be possible to indirectly obtain data from other present sensors. This paper surveys studies on sensorless position control on electric motors and hydraulic systems by reviewing the offered methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and future trends. By understanding the sensorless techniques in electrical motors and hydraulic systems, the future trends of electro-hydraulic systems will have a vast potential for improvement.
Siavash Danaee; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. Sensorless Position Control For Electro-Hydraulic System–A technological status review. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) 2018, 1 -6.
AMA StyleSiavash Danaee, Tatiana Minav, Matti Pietola. Sensorless Position Control For Electro-Hydraulic System–A technological status review. 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS). 2018; ():1-6.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiavash Danaee; Tatiana Minav; Matti Pietola. 2018. "Sensorless Position Control For Electro-Hydraulic System–A technological status review." 2018 Global Fluid Power Society PhD Symposium (GFPS) , no. : 1-6.
The continuous demand for improved energy efficiency and reduced pollution has led the car manufacturers to focus on electric propulsion. Due to this, research activities concerning electric and hybrid vehicles have been increasing all over the world. For hybrid vehicle research and development, various modeling and simulation tools have been created as the prerequisites for computational research and development have been developed. This paper explores existing research from the past and presents recent developments in order to predict future trends in powertrain simulation tools. The results of the study indicate that developments in simulation tools have evolved from dedicated modeling and simulation tools for hybrid electric vehicles toward general multi-system simulation tools with increasingly detailed component models and accurate physics. The study results identified that progress in computing technology is steady, the development trend in computational R&D is moving toward large computational studies, and the application of advanced data analytics plays a strong role in hybrid powertrain R&D.
Kari Tammi; Tatiana Minav; Juha Kortelainen. Thirty Years of Electro-Hybrid Powertrain Simulation. IEEE Access 2018, 6, 35250 -35259.
AMA StyleKari Tammi, Tatiana Minav, Juha Kortelainen. Thirty Years of Electro-Hybrid Powertrain Simulation. IEEE Access. 2018; 6 ():35250-35259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKari Tammi; Tatiana Minav; Juha Kortelainen. 2018. "Thirty Years of Electro-Hybrid Powertrain Simulation." IEEE Access 6, no. : 35250-35259.