Passion fruit is known to be sensitive to drought, and in order to study the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in passion fruit seedlings under drought stress, a hypertonic polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution (5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) was used to simulate drought stress in passion fruit seedlings. We explored the physiological changes in passion fruit seedlings under drought stress induced by PEG to elucidate their response to drought stress and provide a theoretical basis for drought-resistant cultivation of passion fruit seedlings. The results show that drought stress induced by PEG had a significant effect on the growth and physiological indices of passion fruit. Drought stress significantly decreased fresh weight, chlorophyll content, and root vitality. Conversely, the contents of soluble protein (SP), proline (Pro), and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased gradually with the increasing PEG concentration and prolonged stress duration. After nine days, the SP, Pro and MDA contents were higher in passion fruit leaves and roots under 20% PEG treatments compared with the control. Additionally, with the increase in drought time, the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend, and they reached the highest value at the sixth day of drought stress. After rehydration, SP, Pro and MDA contents in the leaves and roots of passion fruit seedlings was reduced. Among all the stress treatments, 20% PEG had the most significant effect on passion fruit seedlings. Therefore, our study demonstrated sensitive concentrations of PEG to simulate drought stress on passion fruit and revealed the physiological adaptability of passion fruit to drought stress.

Globalization and urbanization have reshaped the way that service ecosystem subjects interact with each other in rural communities, providing conditions and possibilities for realizing value co-creation in rural communities. Therefore, this study selected rural communities in Guiyang City, China, as research subjects and explored the value co-creation mechanism in rural communities from the perspective of service ecosystems. The authors construct a theoretical framework encompassing “value co-creation conditions, value co-creation processes, and value co-creation results”. The study found that the core mechanism in the process of value co-creation is “subject embedding, relationship interaction, and resource integration”. At the macro level, resource sharing is achieved through complex and heterogeneous interactions among multiple subjects, under the influence of institutions, policies, and cultures. At the meso level, organizations complement each other’s resources through the cooperation and empowerment of other actors horizontally, under the influence of structure, function, and rules. At the micro level, individuals optimize resources through cooperative and empowering interactions, under the influence of motivations and value preferences. Finally, the integration of individual, organizational, and overall values constitutes public values, under the joint cross-level action of institutional and cultural elements. This study provides a new theoretical perspective for exploring the value co-creation mechanism in rural communities and provides important practical insights for promoting the sustainable development of rural communities.