The use of pultruded fiber reinforced polymers (PFRPs) in strengthening and sustainable design of bridges and other structures exposed to corrosion and resistance reduction factors is growing rapidly. However, a comprehensive understanding of the structural behavior of these materials under various loading conditions is crucial to unlock their full potential and promote their wider use in diverse structural and industrial applications. Pultrusion profiles can be also used as beams in bridges. One important aspect of the structural behavior of PFRPs is their buckling behavior, particularly in thin-walled open cross sections. Lateral torsional buckling is a probable instability mode for beams with thin-walled open cross sections that are not laterally restrained along their span. Therefore, research on the buckling behavior of PFRP members is essential. In this study, the analytical responses of channel-shaped PFRP beams in bridges under pure bending are calculated using an equation in the Eurocode 3 regulation. The buckling behavior of these beams is then investigated through numerical modeling using the finite element package Abaqus. A total of 75 specimens of PFRP channel profiles with different thicknesses in various spans and lateral restraint conditions are studied for their lateral-torsional buckling behavior. This study uniquely explores the behavior of PFRP beams with lateral restraints, a novel aspect in the field of lateral-torsional buckling research of PFRP beams. The results show that the analytical equation used for these beams needs to be modified to more accurately estimate the buckling loads of FRP beams under the conditions studied in this paper.

Ground-story columns are the most critical and exposed structural members in a frame system. Damage to these members under impact scenarios poses a significant risk to the structure, potentially leading to progressive collapse and severe socio-economic consequences. The predominant approach for assessing structural susceptibility to progressive collapse, both in research and practice, relies on the alternate load path method, which, in its original code-based methodology, follows a threat-independent framework. However, physical collapses are inherently threat-dependent. This study examines the parameters influencing the dynamic response and load-transferring mechanisms of impact-loaded steel moment-resisting frames. Various factors, including the mass and velocity of the impactor, impact height, and impact area, are analyzed and discussed. The findings highlight the differences between dynamic column removal and impact analyses, revealing that, in critical cases, the progressive collapse response can be up to seven times greater than the prediction based on dynamic column removal. This underscores the limitations of the code-based method in high-intensity impact scenarios. Moreover, the overall structural behavior differs, as the effects of initial failure location and energy dissipation patterns vary significantly between the two methodologies. In impact scenarios, at lower intensities, the response is governed by member-level mechanisms, particularly the local response of the column. As intensity increases, system-level performance becomes the dominant factor, reflecting the availability of alternate load paths.

Recent research on the progressive collapse of buildings has mainly focused on load redistribution following member failure, commonly referred to as “re-distributional progressive collapse”. However, “impact-type progressive collapse” remains less explored. This mechanism, often triggered by dynamic events such as falling debris or fire scenarios, introduces complex interactions that are difficult to capture using traditional quasi-static models, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of how impact-type progressive collapses occur. This study aims to bridge that gap by investigating the impact forces generated between concrete bodies of various geometries through an experimental campaign. Spherical, semi-spherical, and cubic concrete samples were dropped onto a fiber-reinforced concrete plate from controlled heights. A high-speed camera captured the impact for detailed analysis, while parameters such as impactor mass and velocity, contact radius, and concrete compressive strength were systematically varied. Using advanced data processing techniques, namely Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD), results showed that a 73% increase in impact velocity led to a 75% rise in maximum contact force. Geometry had a significant influence, with spherical and semi-spherical specimens generating up to 64% higher forces than cubes of equal mass. In contrast, compressive strength had a minor effect, raising contact force by only 9% despite a 50% strength increase. High-speed camera footage confirmed more concentrated impacts for spherical shapes, while no notable differences were found between spherical and semi-spherical specimens of equal weight but different contact radii.